Análise da evolução da dengue, COVID-19 e parâmetros de saneamento básico no município de Diadema
Date
2022-02-03
Authors
Shimura, Karen Akemi Yamanishi [UNIFESP]
Nazareth, Thaís dos Santos [UNIFESP]
relationships.isAdvisorOf
Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri [UNIFESP]
item.page.type-of
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Abstract
O Brasil possui um quadro epidemiológico com ocorrência regular de surtos de arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes (A.) aegypti, dentre estas, a dengue, uma doença multifatorial. Além disso, o Brasil enfrenta um cenário epidemiológico sem precedentes de co-circulação de COVID-19 e dengue. Desta forma, objetivou-se o estudo focado no município de Diadema, localizado na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, referente à correlação entre a incidência de casos de dengue com o índice de pluviosidade, índice de atendimento urbano de coleta e tratamento de esgoto e incidência de casos de COVID-19, no período de 2011 a 2021, através do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e análise gráfica. Dentre o período analisado, destaca-se que em 2015 os casos de dengue apresentaram índices alarmantes no Brasil e a mesma tendência foi observada para o município de Diadema, fato que pode ser relacionado à alta disponibilidade de potenciais criadouros do mosquito A. aegypti em decorrência da crise hídrica de 2014. Em 2017 e 2018 houve drástica diminuição de casos de dengue, possivelmente relacionada à intensificação das ações de combate ao mosquito. Entretanto, em 2019 o índice de dengue no município de Diadema voltou a crescer, porém com tendência significantemente menor em relação ao índice nacional. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo indicam que há correlação entre os índices mensais de chuvas e a incidência de dengue, mas não foi encontrada correlação entre os parâmetros de saneamento básico e a incidência de dengue. Em relação à correlação da dengue com a pandemia de COVID-19, observou-se que os casos de dengue tiveram redução expressiva após o início da pandemia, porém sem correlação estatística com essa doença. Pressupõe-se que tal tendência esteja relacionada à política de quarentena e consequente redução da procura aos serviços de saúde, ocasionando a subnotificação de casos. Ademais, levanta-se a hipótese de atraso no diagnóstico e notificação aos órgãos de saúde em decorrência da similaridade da sintomatologia da dengue e da COVID-19.
Brazil has an epidemiological picture with regular occurrence of arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes (A.) aegypti mosquito outbreaks, including dengue, a multifactorial disease. Furthermore, Brazil has been facing an unprecedented epidemiological scenario of co-circulation of COVID-19 and dengue. Thus, the objective of the study was focused on the municipality of Diadema, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, regarding the correlation between the incidence of dengue cases with the rainfall rate, urban sewage collection and treatment service rate and incidence of COVID-19 cases, from 2011 to 2021, using Spearman's correlation coefficient and graphical analysis. Among the period analyzed, it is noteworthy that in 2015 dengue cases showed alarming rates in Brazil and the same trend was observed for the municipality of Diadema, a fact that can be related to the high availability of potential breeding sites for the A. aegypti mosquito as a result the 2014 water crisis. In 2017 and 2018 there was a drastic decrease in dengue cases, possibly related to the intensification of actions to fight the mosquito. However, in 2019 the dengue rate in Diadema started to grow again, but with a significantly lower trend compared to the national rate. The results obtained in this study indicate that there is a correlation between monthly rainfall rates and the incidence of dengue, but no correlation was found between the parameters of basic sanitation and the incidence of dengue. Regarding the correlation of dengue with the COVID-19 pandemic, it was observed that dengue cases had a significant reduction after the onset of the pandemic, but without statistical correlation with this disease. It is assumed that this trend is related to the quarantine policy and the consequent reduction in search for health services by population, leading to underreporting of cases. Furthermore, there is a hypothesis of delay in diagnosis and notification to health agencies due to the similarity of symptoms of dengue and COVID-19.
Brazil has an epidemiological picture with regular occurrence of arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes (A.) aegypti mosquito outbreaks, including dengue, a multifactorial disease. Furthermore, Brazil has been facing an unprecedented epidemiological scenario of co-circulation of COVID-19 and dengue. Thus, the objective of the study was focused on the municipality of Diadema, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, regarding the correlation between the incidence of dengue cases with the rainfall rate, urban sewage collection and treatment service rate and incidence of COVID-19 cases, from 2011 to 2021, using Spearman's correlation coefficient and graphical analysis. Among the period analyzed, it is noteworthy that in 2015 dengue cases showed alarming rates in Brazil and the same trend was observed for the municipality of Diadema, a fact that can be related to the high availability of potential breeding sites for the A. aegypti mosquito as a result the 2014 water crisis. In 2017 and 2018 there was a drastic decrease in dengue cases, possibly related to the intensification of actions to fight the mosquito. However, in 2019 the dengue rate in Diadema started to grow again, but with a significantly lower trend compared to the national rate. The results obtained in this study indicate that there is a correlation between monthly rainfall rates and the incidence of dengue, but no correlation was found between the parameters of basic sanitation and the incidence of dengue. Regarding the correlation of dengue with the COVID-19 pandemic, it was observed that dengue cases had a significant reduction after the onset of the pandemic, but without statistical correlation with this disease. It is assumed that this trend is related to the quarantine policy and the consequent reduction in search for health services by population, leading to underreporting of cases. Furthermore, there is a hypothesis of delay in diagnosis and notification to health agencies due to the similarity of symptoms of dengue and COVID-19.