Estudo de tratamentos de efluentes contendo fármacos
Data
2022-02-02
Autores
Aguilar, Diogo Martins 
Carvalho, Marcella Alencar Imaeda de
Orientadores
Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os fármacos são produtos essenciais para a vida contemporânea. Porém, no processo de produção destes fármacos, são gerados efluentes que, frequentemente, apresentam compostos tóxicos e/ou refratários, capazes de alterar os comportamentos biológicos dos seres vivos. Assim, tais efluentes devem ser adequadamente tratados para que não provoquem danos ao meio ambiente. O presente estudo visa contextualizar a problemática dos efluentes contendo fármacos, além da apresentação e comparação entre diferentes métodos de tratamento a partir de uma análise crítica de artigos, livros e informações disponíveis em diferentes bases de dados de pesquisa científica. Os contaminantes pesquisados foram: antibióticos e hormônios. Os processos de tratamento de efluentes estudados foram: processos biológicos, adsorção e tecnologias avançadas. Observou-se que cada processo de tratamento tem suas peculiaridades. Pelos dados levantados constatou-se que o processo foto-Fenton, que é um dos processos oxidativos avançados mais difundidos, tem sido muito estudado para a remoção de antibióticos, apresentando resultados muito promissores (remoção de mais de 80% do carbono orgânico total em apenas 30 minutos de batelada) Observou-se que nos processos biológicos estudados (sistema de lodos ativados, filtro biológico percolador e reator UASB) fatores como tempo de retenção hidráulica, tempo de retenção de sólidos, incidência de luz solar favorecem a obtenção de altas eficiências de remoção dos hormônios (E1, E2 e EE2). A associação em série de processos de tratamentos é promissora uma vez que o objetivo desta técnica é aprimorar o processo, empregando de forma eficiente os recursos, alcançando melhores resultados.
Pharmaceuticals are essential products for contemporary life. However, in the production process of these drugs, effluents are generated that often contain toxic and/or refractory compounds, capable of altering the biological behavior of living beings. Thus, such effluents must be properly treated so that they do not cause environmental damage. The present study aims to contextualize the issue of effluents containing drugs, in addition to presenting and comparing different treatment methods from a critical analysis of articles, books and information available in different scientific research databases. The contaminants surveyed were antibiotics and hormones. The effluent treatment processes studied were biological processes, adsorption and advanced technologies. It was observed that each treatment process has its peculiarities. From the data collected, it was found that the photo-Fenton process, which is one of the most widespread advanced oxidation processes, has been extensively studied for the removal of antibiotics, showing very promising results (removal of more than 80% of the total organic carbon in just 30 minutes of batch). It was observed that in the studied biological processes studied (activated sludge system, trickling filter and UASB reactor) factors such as hydraulic retention time, solids retention time, incidence of sunlight favors the attainment of high efficiencies of removal of hormones (E1, E2 and EE2). The association in series of treatment processes is promising since the objective of this technique is to improve the process, using resources efficiently, achieving better results.
Pharmaceuticals are essential products for contemporary life. However, in the production process of these drugs, effluents are generated that often contain toxic and/or refractory compounds, capable of altering the biological behavior of living beings. Thus, such effluents must be properly treated so that they do not cause environmental damage. The present study aims to contextualize the issue of effluents containing drugs, in addition to presenting and comparing different treatment methods from a critical analysis of articles, books and information available in different scientific research databases. The contaminants surveyed were antibiotics and hormones. The effluent treatment processes studied were biological processes, adsorption and advanced technologies. It was observed that each treatment process has its peculiarities. From the data collected, it was found that the photo-Fenton process, which is one of the most widespread advanced oxidation processes, has been extensively studied for the removal of antibiotics, showing very promising results (removal of more than 80% of the total organic carbon in just 30 minutes of batch). It was observed that in the studied biological processes studied (activated sludge system, trickling filter and UASB reactor) factors such as hydraulic retention time, solids retention time, incidence of sunlight favors the attainment of high efficiencies of removal of hormones (E1, E2 and EE2). The association in series of treatment processes is promising since the objective of this technique is to improve the process, using resources efficiently, achieving better results.