The macrophage switch in obesity development
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Data
2016
Autores
Castoldi, Angela
de Souza, Cristiane Naffah
Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva [UNIFESP]
Moraes-Vieira, Pedro Manoel
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Resumo
Immune cell infiltration in (white) adipose tissue (AT) during obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance. In AT, the main population of leukocytes are macrophages. Macrophages can be classified into two major populations: M1, classically activated macrophages, and M2, alternatively activated macrophages, although recent studies have identified a broad range of macrophage subsets. During obesity, AT M1 macrophage numbers increase and correlate with AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Upon activation, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages induce aerobic glycolysis. By contrast, in lean humans and mice, the number of M2 macrophages predominates. M2 macrophages secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and utilize oxidative metabolism to maintain AT homeostasis. Here, we review the immunologic and metabolic functions of AT macrophages and their different facets in obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Citação
Frontiers In Immunology. Lausanne, v. 6, p. UNSP 637, 2016.
Palavras-chave
Obesity, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, Macrophage, Adipokines, Macrophage Polarization, Adipose Tissue InflammationAdipose-Tissue Inflammation, Induced Insulin-Resistance, Innate Lymphoid-Cells, Necrosis-Factor-Alpha, Alternatively Activated Macrophages, Diet-Induced Obesity, Toll-Like Receptors, Regulatory T-Cells, Glucose-Metabolism, Nlrp3 Inflammasome