Efeito neuroprotetor da melatonina e N-acetilserotonina na epileptogênese e no controle de crises em animais submetidos ao modelo da pilocarpina

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to study the effects of treatment with melatonin and N-acetilserotonin in the development of pilocarpina model of epilepsy in adult male rats. METHODS: Part I - The animals were divided in 4 groups: SALINE - animals that received only saline; SE - animals submitted to status epilepticus (SE); NAS + SE - animals that received pre-treatment with N-acetylserotonin and were submitted to SE and MEL + SE - animals that received pre-treatment with melatonin and were submitted to SE. Part II - The animals were divided in 6 groups: SALINE - animals that received only saline; SE - animals submitted to status epilepticus (SE); PX + SE - animals submitted to pinealectomy and to SE 7 days later; SH + SE - animals submitted to sham-surgery and to SE 7 days later; SE + NAS - animals submitted to SE and treated with N-acetylserotonin (2,5 mg/kg), 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h after the SE and SE + MEL - animals submitted to SE and treated with melatonin (2,5 mg/kg), 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h after the SE. Following the treatment the animals were continuously video-recorded for 60 days. The behavioral parameters were observed: latency for the SE in minutes, latency for the first spontaneous seizures (ie, duration of the silent period), number of spontaneous seizures during the chronic period and mortality. Five animals per group were perfused for neo-Timm assay. RESULTS: Part I - The animals treated with melatonin and N-acetylserotonin presented an increased of latency for the status epilepticus and decreased number of spontaneous seizures during the chronic period when compared to SE group. The mortality was reduced 100% in animals treated with melatonin and theses animals presented a minor mossy fibers sprouting. Part II - The latency for the first spontaneous seizures and mortality were similar in all groups. The animals treated with melatonin presented a decreased number of spontaneous seizures during the chronic period when compared to PX + SE group and a minor mossy fibers sprouting when compared to SE, SH + SE and PX + SE groups. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the melatonin and N-acetylserotonin have an important neuroprotector effect in the epileptogenesis and in the control of seizures during the chronic period of the pilocarpina model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpina.