Navegando por Palavras-chave "vitamins"

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    alpha-Tocopherol supplementation avoids apoptosis in the anal sphincter
    (Informa Healthcare, 2012-03-01) Silva, Romualdo Correa da [UNIFESP]; Reis, Leonardo Oliveira; Lorenzetti, Fabio [UNIFESP]; Palma, Paulo; Ortiz, Valdemar [UNIFESP]; Dambros, Miriam [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
    Purpose: To analyze the influence of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis rates in the anal sphincter induced by orchiectomy in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g, were divided into four groups and sacrificed 8 weeks after: I- Control: sham; II- Orchiectomy: bilateral orchiectomy; III- Pre Orchiectomy Tocopherol: alpha-tocopherol supplementation for 4 weeks preceding bilateral orchiectomy; IV- Orchiectomy Full Tocopherol: alpha-tocopherol supplementation for 4 weeks before and 8 weeks after bilateral orchiectomy. the anal sphincter was analyzed stereologically to evaluate the density of collagen and the muscle fibers. the oxidative stress and the apoptosis were determined with 8-isprostane and caspase-3, respectively. Results: the collagen fibers concentration was statistically greater in Orchiectomy group than the others. the muscle fibers concentration was higher in Control and Orchiectomy Full Tocopherol than Orchiectomy and Pre Orchiectomy Tocopherol groups. Orchiectomy group showed higher 8-isoprostane concentrations compared to the other groups (p < 0.0003). Pre Orchiectomy Tocopherol and Orchiectomy Full Tocopherol groups presented caspase-3 levels lower than the Orchiectomy group (0.0072). Conclusion: Vitamin supplementation with alpha-tocopherol for 12 weeks had the highest protection against bilateral orchiectomy generation of reactive oxygen species as well as apoptosis in the muscle fibers of the anal sphincter of rats.
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    Chronic Antioxidant Treatment Improves Arterial Renovascular Hypertension and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney in Wistar Rats
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2010-05-01) Nishi, Erika Emy [UNIFESP]; Oliveira-Sales, Elizabeth Barbosa [UNIFESP]; Bergamaschi, Cassia T. [UNIFESP]; Cesar Oliveira, Thais Galvao [UNIFESP]; Boim, Mirian A. [UNIFESP]; Campos, Ruy R. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUNDSympathetic vasomotor hyperactivity and baroreflex dysfunction are involved in the development and maintenance of renovascular arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that angiotensin (Ang) II-dependent oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of the two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) model.METHODSThe mean arterial pressure (MAP), baroreflex, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) were evaluated after chronic administration of an antioxidant, vitamin C (vitC 150 mg/kg/day) in male Wistar 2K-1C rats. Additionally, the mRNA levels of Ang II subtype 1 receptor (AT(1)R), NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p47phox and gp91phox), and major antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in the renal cortex.RESULTSAfter vitC treatment, the MAP (170 +/- 4 vs. 133 +/- 6 mm Hg; P < 0.05) and rSNA (161 +/- 5 vs. 118 +/- 12 spikes/s; P < 0.05) were significantly reduced only in the 2K-1C group. VitC improved the baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and rSNA. the expression of AT(1)R, p47phox, and gp91phox was elevated (51, 184, and 132%, respectively) in the clipped kidney of 2K-1C group. VitC downregulated AT(1)R in the clipped kidney (31%). Catalase (CAT) expression was reduced in clipped (70%) and nonclipped (83%) kidneys of 2K-1C rats. VitC treatment augmented the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in both clipped (185%) and nonclipped (212%) kidneys of the 2K-1C group.CONCLUSIONSThe present study suggests a role for oxidative stress in the cardiovascular and sympathetic alterations in renovascular hypertension, associated with changes in the expression of AT,R, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, and antioxidant enzymes in the kidney.
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    Folato, B6 e B12 na adolescência: níveis séricos, prevalência de inadequação de ingestão e alimentos contribuintes
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2011-02-01) Steluti, Josiane; Martini, Lígia A.; Peters, Barbara S. E. [UNIFESP]; Marchioni, Dirce M. L.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum concentrations and the prevalence of inadequate folate intake and also vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intakes and to identify those foods that make a major contribution to intake levels of these nutrients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study of adolescents of both sexes aged 16 to 19 years from the town of Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil. Data collection was by non-consecutive 3-day dietary record. The samples habitual diet was estimated by removing intraindividual variability, and the prevalence rates of inadequate intakes were calculated using the estimated average requirement as cutoff points. Biochemical assays for folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were conducted in accordance with the methods accepted in the literature. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 99 adolescents, the majority of whom were female (58.6%), with a mean age of 17.6 [standard deviation, (SD) 0.9]. Mean serum concentrations for folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were 9.2 (SD 3.4) ng/mL, 18.7 (SD 5.1) nmol/L and 397.5 (SD 188.4) pg/mL, respectively; and the prevalence rates of inadequate intake for these vitamins were 15.2, 10.2 and < 1%, respectively. The foods that made a major contribution to vitamin intakes were French bread, pasta and beans for folate; white rice, chicken and beef for vitamin B6; and lean beef, whole milk and fatty beef for vitamin B12. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates of inadequate folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intakes were low, which is possibly the result of improved access to and availability of foods that are dietary sources of these vitamins. Beans, which are a part of the traditional Brazilian diet, remain one of the primary food items that contribute to folate intake, even after mandatory fortification with folic acid in Brazil.