Navegando por Palavras-chave "toll-like receptors"

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    Innate Sensing of the Gut Microbiota: Modulation of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2016) Ignacio, Aline; Morales, Camila Ideli; Saraiva Camara, Niels Olsen [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro
    The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse microbial community with which dynamic interactions have been established over millennia of coevolution. Commensal bacteria and their products are sensed by innate receptors expressed in gut epithelia and in gut-associated immune cells, thereby promoting the proper development of mucosal immune system and host homeostasis. Many studies have demonstrated that host-microbiota interactions play a key role during local and systemic immunity. Therefore, this review will focus on how innate sensing of the gut microbiota and their metabolites through inflammasome and toll-like receptors impact the modulation of a distinct set of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We believe that a better understanding of the fine-tuning that governs host-microbiota interactions will further improve common prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
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    Toll-like receptors and the eye
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005-10-01) Micera, A.; Stampachiacchiere, B.; Aronni, S.; Santos, Myrna Serapiao dos [UNIFESP]; Lambiase, A.; Univ Rome; IRCCS; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Purpose of review: This review will describe the structure, expression/ distribution and functional activity of Toll-like receptors, in particular in the ocular structures. It will also discuss innate and adaptive immune responses, by exploring the possible modulation/regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Toll-like receptors, in view of recent findings observed in the ocular surface.Recent findings Current knowledge indicates that Toll-like receptors represent essential elements in host defence against pathogens, a prerequisite to the induction of adaptive immune responses. the expression/distribution of Toll-like receptors in the healthy eye highlights the possible function of Toll-like receptors in both innate and adaptive responses during pathological conditions of the ocular surface.Summary: Recent findings have greatly increased the knowledge of Toll-like receptors in innate and ada the possible role of Toll-like receptors in innate and adaptive immune responses. Toll-like receptors seem to play different roles in a wide range of activities of the immune system, and might represent an exclusive link between innate and adaptive responses under pathological conditions. Recent studies in ophthalmology have highlighted the role of Toll-like receptors in infections (keratitis) as well as in allergic states of the ocular surface. This review thus describes the relationship between Toll-like receptors and the main immune/structural cells taking part in inflammatory disorders. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying Toll-like receptor localization and function will provide additional data that might help devise novel therapeutic approaches involving Toll-like receptors and their agonists, in an attempt to modulate the biased immune system.