Navegando por Palavras-chave "tetanus"

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    Antibody response after vaccination with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 asymptomatic carriers
    (Elsevier B.V., 2008-06-02) Biasutti, Claudia; Moraes-Pinto, Maria Isabel [UNIFESP]; Segurado, Aluisio C.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
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    Botulinum toxin A for trismus in cephalic tetanus
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 1994-09-01) Andrade, Luiz Augusto Franco de [UNIFESP]; Brucki, Sonia Maria D. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Cephalic tetanus is a localized form of tetanus. As in generalized forms , trismus is a prominent feature of the disease, leading to considerable difficulty in feeding, swallowing of the saliva and mouth hygiene. These difficulties often precede respiratory problems and aspiration bronchopneumonia is a frequent life-threatening complication. Muscle relaxants other than curare drugs may show a limited benefit for relieving trismus. Tetanospasmin, the tetanic neurotoxin, and botulinum toxin share many similarities, having a closely related chemical structure, an origin from related microorganisms (Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, respectively), and presumably, the same mechanisms of action in the neuron. The difference between the two lies in their peculiar neurospecificity, acting in different neurons. Injection of minute doses of botulinum toxin in the muscles involved in focal dystonias or other localized spastic disorders have proved to be very effective in these conditions. We describe the use of botulinum toxin A in the successful treatment of trismus in a patient suffering from cephalic tetanus. We believe that this form of treatment may be of value in lowering the risk of pulmonary complications in tetanic patients.
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    Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Measles and Tetanus: the Importance of Elapsed Time Since Last Exposure and the Nature of the Antigen
    (Springer, 2010-07-01) Viana, Patricia O. [UNIFESP]; Ono, Erika [UNIFESP]; Miyamoto, Maristela [UNIFESP]; Salomao, Reinaldo [UNIFESP]; Costa-Carvalho, Beatriz T. [UNIFESP]; Weckx, Lily Y. [UNIFESP]; Moraes-Pinto, Maria Isabel de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This study aims to assess the cellular and humoral immune response pre- and post-vaccine rechallenge in healthy adults with previous exposure to measles (virus or vaccine) and different time intervals since last tetanus vaccine.Humoral immunity was tested by ELISA, and cellular immunity was tested by intracellular interferon gamma detection after in vitro stimulation with antigens.While cellular immunity was comparable among vaccinated individuals and those who had measles, higher antibody levels were found in those who had the disease in the past. Both antibodies and CD4(+) T cell tetanus immune responses depended on elapsed time since last immunization. Following a vaccine booster, an increase in cellular immunity and antibodies was observed to both tetanus and measles. Measles humoral response was much more intense among individuals previously exposed to a wild virus.In an era when natural boosters are less frequent, an immune surveillance might be necessary to investigate waning immunity as occurs for tetanus.
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    Tetanus and diphtheria antibodies and response to a booster dose in Brazilian HIV-1-infected women
    (Elsevier B.V., 2004-09-09) Bonetti, TCS; Succi, RCM; Weckx, L. Y.; Tavares-Lopes, L.; Moraes-Pinto, M. I. de; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Tetanus and diphtheria (Td) antibodies were studied in HIV-1-infected women during puerperium. HIV group (n = 61) was compared with Control group (n = 101). Twenty-one women from HIV and 13 from Control group who had antibody levels lower than 0.1 IU/mL received a booster with Td vaccine. Antibodies were assessed by double antigen ELISA. Mean tetanus and diphtheria antibody levels from HIV group were lower than those from Control group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that tetanus and diphtheria antibody levels were decreased by HIV-1-infection, and that was independent of the reduction due to the time interval between last booster and antibody assessment. After a booster dose, both groups had an increase in mean tetanus and diphtheria antibody levels, but in Control group the levels were higher than in HIV group. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.