Navegando por Palavras-chave "stereology"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosCarbamazepine damage to rat spermatogenesis in different sexual developmental phases(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009-10-01) Oliva, Samara Urban de [UNIFESP]; Miraglia, Sandra Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)P>Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a first-line antiepileptic drug (AED), although it is also utilized for treatment of psychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain. the utilization of CBZ has been associated with damage to male reproduction including hormonal alterations, sexual dysfunction and reduction of sperm quality. Wide and long-term use of CBZ has been a common schedule for children and adolescents, despite the fact it alters the testosterone level in adult rats and humans. in addition, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis during pre-puberty and puberty is more susceptible to toxic agents than in adult phase. the objective of this work was to evaluate the side effects of CBZ on the spermatogenic process of rats from pre-puberty to puberty and sexual maturation. Damage on the seminiferous epithelium, testicular interstitial oedema, reductions of testosterone levels and an increase in oestradiol levels were observed in rats, which were CBZ-treated since the weaning. the results suggest that CBZ, when administered from pre-puberty, provokes specific side effects on rat testes, resulting in more severe damage in the adult phase.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosLow-intensity Treadmill Exercise-related Changes in the Rat Stellate Ganglion Neurons(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009-05-01) Oliveira Cavalcanti, Renato Albuquerque de; Pureza, Demilto Yamaguchi da; Melo, Mariana Pereira de; Souza, Romeu Rodrigues de; Bergamaschi, Cassia T. [UNIFESP]; Amaral, Sandra Lia do; Tang, Helen; Loesch, Andrzej; Coppi Maciel Ribeiro, Antonio Augusto; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Sao Judas Tadeu; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo State Univ; UCLStellate ganglion (SG) represents the main sympathetic input to the heart. This study aimed at investigating physical exercise-related changes in the quantitative aspects of SG neurons in treadmill-exercised Wistar rats. By applying state-of-the-art design-based stereology, the SG volume, total number of SG neurons, mean perikaryal volume of SG neurons, and the total volume of neurons in the whole SG have been examined. Arterial pressure and heart rate were also measured at the end of the exercise period. the present study showed that a low-intensity exercise training program caused a 12% decrease in the heart rate of trained rats. in contrast, there were no effects on systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, or mean arterial pressure. As to quantitative changes related to physical exercise, the main findings were a 21% increase in the fractional volume occupied by neurons in the SG, and an 83% increase in the mean perikaryal volume of SG neurons in treadmill-trained rats, which shows a remarkable neuron hypertrophy. It seems reasonable to infer that neuron hypertrophy may have been the result of a functional overload imposed on the SG neurons by initial posttraining sympathetic activation. From the novel stereological data we provide, further investigations are needed to shed light on the mechanistic aspect of neuron hypertrophy: what role does neuron hypertrophy play? Could neuron hypertrophy be assigned to the functional overload induced by physical exercise? (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosParvalbumin Expression and Distribution in the Hippocampal Formation of Cebus apella(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-04-01) Torres, Laila Brito [UNIFESP]; Silva Araujo, Bruno Henrique [UNIFESP]; Marruaz, Klena Sarges; Souza, Janaina Sena de [UNIFESP]; Sousa, Bolivar Saldanha; Silva, Sergio Gomes da; Cabral, Francisco Romero; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrao [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein; Ctr Nacl Primatas CENP; Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São PauloNew World primates play an important role in biomedical research. However, the literature still lacks information on many structural features of the brain in these species, particularly structures of the hippocampal formation that are related to long-term memory storage. This study was designed to provide information, for the first time, about the distribution and number of neurons expressing parvalbumin-immunoreactivity (PV-I) in the subregions of the hippocampal formation in Cebus apella, a New World primate species commonly used in biomedical research. Our results revealed that for several morphometric variables, PV-I cells differ significantly among the subregions CA1, CA2, CA3, and the hilus. Based upon our findings and those of other studies, we hypothesize that the proportional increase from monkeys to humans in PV-I cell density within CA1 is a factor contributing to the evolution of increased memory formation and storage. Am. J. Primatol. 77:449-461, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosReflection imaging of China ink-perfused brain vasculature using confocal laser-scanning microscopy after clarification of brain tissue by the Spalteholz method(Wiley, 2017) Gutierre, R. C. [UNIFESP]; Vannucci Campos, D. [UNIFESP; Mortara, R. A. [UNIFESP; Coppi, A. A.; Arida, R. M. [UNIFESPConfocal laser- scanning microscopy is a useful tool for visualizing neurons and glia in transparent preparations of brain tissue from laboratory animals. Currently, imaging capillaries and venules in transparent brain tissues requires the use of fluorescent proteins. Here, we show that vessels can be imaged by confocal laser- scanning microscopy in transparent cortical, hippocampal and cerebellar preparations after clarification of China inkinjected specimens by the Spalteholz method. This method may be suitable for global, three- dimensional, quantitative analyses of vessels, including stereological estimations of total volume and length and of surface area of vessels, which constitute indirect approaches to investigate angiogenesis.