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    Risk factors for sedentary behavior in young adults: similarities in the inequalities
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2010-08-01) Fernandes, F. S.; Portella, A. K.; Barbieri, M. A.; Bettiol, H.; Silva, A. A. M.; Agranonik, M.; Silveira, P. P.; Goldani, M. Z.; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Maranhao
    Physical activity is a known protective factor, with benefits for both metabolic and psychological aspects of health. Our objective was to verify early and late determinants of physical activity in young adults. A total of 2063 individuals from a birth cohort in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, were studied at the age of 23-25 years. Poisson regression was performed using three models: (1) early model considering birth weight, gestational age, maternal income, schooling and smoking; (2) late model considering individual's gender, schooling, smoking and body mass index; and (3) combined (early+late) model. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, stratifying the individuals into active or sedentary. the general rate of sedentary behavior in the sample was 49.6%. in the early model, low birth weight (relative risk (RR)=1.186, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.005-1.399) was a risk factor for sedentary activity. Female gender (RR=1.379, 95% CI=1.259-1.511) and poor schooling (RR=1.126, 95% CI=1.007-1.259) were associated with sedentary behavior in the late model. in the combined model, only female gender and participant's schooling remained significant. An interaction between birth weight and individual's schooling was found, in which sedentary behavior was more prevalent in individuals born with low birth weight only if they had higher educational levels. Variables of early development and social insertion in later life interact to determine an individual's disposition to practice physical activities. This study may support the theoretical model 'Similarities in the inequalities', in which opposed perinatal backgrounds have the same impact over a health outcome in adulthood when facing unequal social achievement during the life-course.
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    Short stature, obesity and arterial hypertension in a very low income population in North-eastern Brazil
    (Medikal Press S R L, 2004-02-01) Florencio, T. T.; Ferreira, H. S.; Cavalcante, J. C.; Sawaya, A. L.; Fed Univ Alagoas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background and Aim: This cross-sectional study involved the adult population (age >18 and <60 years) of a 315-shack slum on the outskirts of the city of Maceio in North-eastern Brazil. the purpose was to investigate whether short stature in adults (an indicator of undernutrition in early life) is associated with arterial hypertension and obesity.Methods and Results: We collected the subjects socio-economic data, and arterial hypertension (AH), weight, height, waist circumference and waist/hip (W/H) circumference ratio measurements. Hypertension was diagnosed as diastolic AH f 90 mmHg and/or systolic AH f 140 mmHg. the body mass index (BMI) was used to determine nutritional status, with overweight/obesity being defined on the basis of a cut-off point of 25 kg/m(2). A W/H ratio off 0.80 for women or f 0.95 for men was considered indicative of abdominal obesity. Short stature was defined as falling into the 1(st) quartile (Q) of height distribution. Hypertension was prevalent in 28.5% of the population (women=38.5%; men=18.4%). the systolic and diastolic AH readings were significantly higher in women in the 1(st) Q than in those in the 4(th) Q, and the same was true of W/H. the prevalence of hypertension was statistically significant for the first two Q's in comparison with the last two: 22.1% vs 14.6% (men), and 42.4% vs 34.6% (women). Hypertension was more prevalent in women who were obese and short (50%) than in those who were obese but not short (OR=1.98; CI=1.22-2.96).Conclusions: Living conditions were extremely precarious and the prevalence of hypertension was quite high. Stature negatively correlated with hypertension and overweight in women but not in men.