Navegando por Palavras-chave "pneumococcus"

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    Colonização e resistência antimicrobiana de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolado em nasofaringe de crianças com rinofaringite aguda
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2001-06-01) Ferreira, Lêda Lúcia M. [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Eduardo S. [UNIFESP]; Berezin, Eitan Naaman [UNIFESP]; Brandileone, Maria Cristina de Cunto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santa Casa de São Paulo setor de Infectologia Pediátrica; Instituto Adolfo Lutz setor de bacteriologia
    OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence and risk factors for nasopharyngeal colonization by, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in children with acute rhinopharyngitis. METHODS: we collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 400 children aged 3 months to 5 years and with clinical status of acute rhinopharyngitis from June 16, 1997 to May 20, 1998 at the outpatient clinics of two hospitals in the city of São Paulo. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected pernasally using a calcium alginate swab and plated immediately after collection onto trypticose soy agar with 5% sheep blood and garamicin 5 mcg/ml. Penicillin susceptibility was determined by oxacillin 1 mcg disk screening test and the minimal inhibitory concentration by the E-test. RESULTS: Pneumococci were recovered from 139 children, indicating a colonization prevalence of 35%. The risk factors analyzed indicated that the colonization was more prevalent in children attending day-care centers, children with siblings younger than 5 years, and children with recent use of antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains was of 16 % (20 strains). All strains were intermediately resistant (0.1mcg/ ml < MIC < 1.0 mcg/ ml). Out of the penicillin intermediately resistant strains, 7 (37%) showed intermediate resistance to cotrimoxazol and 2 (11%) full resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, clarithromicin, or chloramphenicol. CONCLUSIONS: our findings indicate that the prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with upper respiratory infections was of 34.8%. Children attending day-care centers and children with younger siblings showed higher levels of colonization The results of prevalence of bacterial resistance were similar to those of studies regarding invasive infections, thus indicating that nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be used in the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in a defined geographical area.
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    Resposta a antígenos polissacarídicos em pacientes com ataxia-telangiectasia
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2006-04-01) Guerra-Maranhão, Maria Cristina [UNIFESP]; Costa-Carvalho, Beatriz Tavares [UNIFESP]; Nudelman, Victor [UNIFESP]; Barros-Nunes, Patrícia [UNIFESP]; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda Maria Sales; Arslanian, Cristina; Nagao-Dias, Aparecida Tiemi [UNIFESP]; Solé, Dirceu [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Hospital Albert Einstein; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ. de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Laboratório de Imunologia de Mucosas; Universidade Federal do Ceará Faculdade de Farmácia Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the production of antibodies to polysaccharide antigens in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used the ELISA technique to measure the levels of IgG antibodies to serotypes 1, 3, 5, 6B, 9V and 14 of Streptococcus pneumoniae in 14 patients with ataxia-telangiectasia before and after immunization with 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine. Adequate response to individual polysaccharide can be defined as a postimmunization antibody titer equal to or greater than 1.3 µg/ml or as a minimum fourfold increase over the baseline (preimmunization) value. RESULTS: Six (43%) patients showed an absent response to all serotypes analyzed. Four patients showed adequate response to only one serotype, one patient to two serotypes, two patients to three serotypes and only one patient to four out of six serotypes analyzed. No patient had adequate response to all serotypes tested. Postimmunization pneumococcus IgG levels were higher than preimmunization levels to all serotypes analyzed, except for serotype 3. In spite of this, the mean postimmunization levels were lower than 1.3 µg/ml in all serotypes, except for serotype 14. Mean increment was less than four in all serotypes analyzed. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that patients with ataxia-telangiectasia are at a high risk of having an impaired response to pneumococcus, which may be one of the causes of recurrent sinopulmonary infections in these patients.