Navegando por Palavras-chave "molecular biology"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAssessment of the scientific-technological production in molecular biology in Brazil (1996-2007): the contribution of genomics programs(Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2011-06-01) Meneghini, Rogerio [UNIFESP]; Gamba, Estevao Andre Cabestre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Several genome sequencing programs were launched in Brazil by the end of the nineties and the early 2000s. The most important initiatives were supported by the ONSA program (http://watson.fapesp.br/onsa/Genoma3.htm) and aimed at gaining domain in genomic technology and bringing molecular biology to the state of art. Two main sets of data were collected in the 1996-2007 period to evaluate the results of these genome programs: the scientific production (Scopus and Web of Science databases) and the register of patents (US Patent and Trademark Office), both related to the progress of molecular biology along this period. In regard to the former, Brazil took a great leap in comparison to 17 other developed and developing countries, being only surpassed by China. As to the register of patents in the area of molecular biology, Brazil's performance lags far behind most of the countries focused in the present study, confirming the Brazilian long-standing tendency of poor achievements in technological innovations when compared with scientific production. Possible solutions to surpass this inequality are discussed.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)As bases neurobiológicas do transtorno bipolar(Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2005-01-01) Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Frey, Benício; Soares, Jair C.; Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre Programa de Transtornos de Humor; Hospital Presidente Vargas; Stanley Foundation Research Unit of Porto Alegre; Hospital Espírita; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Departamento de Bioquímica; University of Texas Health Science Center Department of Psychiatry Division of Mood and Anxiety DisordersIn this article, the authors review relevant aspects related to the neurobiological basis of bipolar disorder. This illness has been associated with complex biochemical and molecular changes in brain circuits linked to neurotransmission and intracellular signal transduction pathways, and changes on neurons and glia have been proposed to be directly associated with clinical presentation of mania and depression. In the same context, dysfunctions on brain homeostasis and energy metabolism have been associated with alterations on circadian rythms, behavior and mood in human and animal models of bipolarity. In the recent years, advances on techniques of neuroimaging, molecular biology and genetics has provided new insights about the biology of bipolarity. The authors emphasize that bipolar disorder has been shown to be directly associated with dysfunctions on neural adaptative mechanisms, promoting neural stress. The resulted stress, even that do not lead to cell death, may limit the neuroplasticity and neurotrophism in neurons and glia, which in turn may facilitate the arousal of this pervasive illness.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosCaptura híbrida para detecção do papilomavírus humano em atipias de significado indeterminado(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-06-24) Ducatti, Carla [UNIFESP]; Alonso, Luis Garcia Alonso [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objectives: Correlate the detection of human Papillomavirus, by the method of Hybrid Capture, with the Atypia of Undetermined Significance. Among those with positive result for human Papillomavirus, define the groups found (Papillomavirus types of low and high risk) and their viral loads. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study, which were entered into a database the results of cytology exams and Hybrid Capture of 474 patients from routine of cytology laboratory and Hybrid Capture of Associação Fundo Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP), from January 2012 to December 2013. These tests have been conducted and issued their reports. The age of patients ranged from 15 to 75 years, with an average of 33 years and 8 months. Were included diagnoses of patients who had cytological and molecular tests (CH II) in addition, positive cervical smears for Atypia of undetermined significance - ASC-US and ASC-H. Results: This study showed that 60.8% of ASC were positive in Hybrid Capture, being 58.6% for ASC-US and 83.3% for ASC-H. Regardless of the ASC subgroup, the high-risk virus was most commonly found (87.8%), either alone or associated with low-risk HPV (54.8% and 33% respectively). ASC-US demonstrated a tendency to lower viral loads, whereas ASC-H at higher viral loads. Conclusion: The method of Hybrid Capture II applied to Atypia of Undetermined Significance resulted in a positivity rate of 58.6% for ASC-US, and 83.3% for ASC-H. Regarding ASC-US, there were types "high" and "low and high risk" (53.4% and 33.2%, respectively) with low viral loads and intermediate. As the ASC-H, there were types "high" and "low and high risk" (65.8% and 31.4%, respectively) with high viral loads. Thus, in Atypia of Undetermined Significance, regardless of the subgroup, the high-risk virus was the most commonly found type, either alone or associated with low-risk HPV, and viral loads tended to rise according the severity of the atypia found in cytology.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDivergence of HIV-1 quasispecies in an epidemiologic cluster(Rapid Science Publishers, 1997-03-15) Diaz, Ricardo Sobhie [UNIFESP]; Zhang, L. Q.; Busch, Michael P. [UNIFESP]; Mosley, J. W.; Mayer, A.; IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR; UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO; UNIV SO CALIFBackground: During treatment with blood components prepared from an HIV-infected donation, two recipients became infected in 1985. One recipient infected her sexual partner.Objective: To evaluate the evolution of the originally-shared HIV-1 quasispecies in different human hosts over lime, sequence data were obtained from serum from the actual donation sample of blood, and from plasma samples collected from the four members of the epidemiologic cluster over a period extending from 1986 to 1993.Methods: the V3 hypervariable region of env and the gag p17 gene were analysed. CD4 and CD8 counts, as well as HIV RNA burden data, were collected.Results: One patient died from AIDS during the study. This patient showed a greater degree of diversity in the V3 region, with a higher positive charge over time, than the other individuals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the V3 sequences from each of the four individuals occupied separate branches of a phylogenetic reconstruction (tree). Two distinct subgroups evolved in the donor, one with GPGR and the other with GSGR/GSGK at the tip of the V3 loop. This latter group was not detected in the other individuals. the sequences in the sexual partner were no more related to those in the infecting transfusion recipient than to sequences from the other members of the cluster, consistent with sexual transmission having occurred at a time shortly after the recipient was infected.Conclusion: the shared HIV-1 quasispecies in this epidemiologic cluster diverged in an individual-specific manner.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Molecular biology of the kallikrein-kinin system: from structure to function(Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 1998-09-01) Pesquero, João Bosco [UNIFESP]; Bader, Michael [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineThe participation of the kallikrein-kinin system, comprising the serine proteases kallikreins, the protein substrates kininogens and the effective peptides kinins, in some pathological processes like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases is still a matter of controversy. The use of different experimental set-ups in concert with the development of potent and specific inhibitors and antagonists for the system has highlighted its importance but the results still lack conclusivity. Over the last few years, transgenic and gene-targeting technologies associated with molecular biology tools have provided specific information about the elusive role of the kallikrein-kinin system in the control of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. cDNA and genomic sequences for kinin receptors B2 and B1 from different species were isolated and shown to encode G-protein-coupled receptors and the structure and pharmacology of the receptors were characterized. Transgenic animals expressing an overactive kallikrein-kinin system were established to study the cardiovascular effects of these alterations and the results of these investigations further corroborate the importance of this system in the maintenance of normal blood pressure. Knockout animals for B2 and B1 receptors are available and their analysis also points to the role of these receptors in cardiovascular regulation and inflammatory processes. In this paper the most recent and relevant genetic animal models developed for the study of the kallikrein-kinin system are reviewed, and the advances they brought to the understanding of the biological role of this system are discussed.