Navegando por Palavras-chave "diaphragm"

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    Efeitos agudos da ventilação mecânica com hiperoxia na morfometria do diafragma de ratos
    (Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, 2009-12-01) Lopes, Célia Regina; Sales, André Luis Moreira; Simões, Manuel de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Angelis, Marco Antonio de [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Nuno Miguel Lopes; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
    BACKGROUND: Prolonged mechanical ventilatory support (MVS) combined with high oxygen concentrations has a negative impact on diaphragm function. However, the acute effects of MVS with hyperoxia have not been elucidated. Objective: To analyze the acute effects of mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia on the morphometry of the rat diaphragm. METHODS: An experimental, prospective study was conducted with Wistar rats (weight: 400±20 g), which were randomly allocated to two groups. The control group (n=4) was anesthetized, tracheostomized and kept spontaneously breathing room air for 90 minutes. The experimental group (n=5) was also anesthetized, curarized, tracheostomized and kept in controlled mechanical ventilation for the same amount of time. Both groups were submitted to median thoracotomy for sample collection of costal fibers from the diaphragm muscle, which were sectioned every 5 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the morphometric study. Independent Student's t tests were employed to investigate differences between groups, with a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no signs of acute muscle lesions, however the blood capillaries became dilated in the experimental group. The mean morphometric data related to the maximum cross-sectional diameter of the diaphragm costal fibers were 61.78 ±17.79 µm and 70.75±9.93 µm (p=0.045) for the control and experimental groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia led to significant microvascular and muscle changes, which may reflect the onset of an inflammatory process.
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    Pulmonary function and thoraco-abdominal configuration after elective craniotomy
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008-03-01) Franceschini, Juliana [UNIFESP]; Sogame, Luciana Carrupt Machado; Gazzotti, Mariana Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Vidotto, Milena Carlos [UNIFESP]; Jardim, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); EMESCAM
    Background and Purpose: The development of pathophysiologic pulmonary alterations are observed after thoracic and abdominal surgeries. The purpose of this article is to report the alterations in the thoracoabdominal configuration and ventilometric parameters that occur during the postoperative period after elective craniotomy.Subjects: Forty-seven patients submitted to craniotomy owing to the presence of an aneurysm or tumor, under general anesthesia were analyzed.Methods: Tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate, and diaphragmatic index were measured from the preoperative period to the fourth postoperative day and pH, PaCO(2), PaO(2), and SaO(2) to the second postoperative day.Results: We observed a decrease in TV, an increase in respiratory rate, increased alveolar ventilation, and a change in the respiratory pattern from predominantly abdominal to predominantly thoracic respiration.Conclusions: A decrease in the diaphragmatic index, and a reduction in abdominal motion, associated to a lower TV, is suggestive that the lower parts of the lungs were less ventilated than the higher ones.