Navegando por Palavras-chave "autism"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe CBCL and the identification of children with autism and related conditions in Brazil: Pilot findings(Kluwer Academic/plenum Publ, 2003-12-01) Duarte, C. S.; Bordin, IAS; Oliveira, A. de; Bird, H.; Columbia Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/4-18 is one of the few standardized means available for assessing child mental health in Brazil. in this context, the identification of a specific pathology such as autism by the CBCL/4-18 is relevant. To examine the validity of the CBCL/4-18 for the identification of autism, the CBCL/4-18 was applied to 101 children: 36 with autism and related conditions, 31 with other psychiatric disorders, and 34 schoolchildren. Children ranged in age from 4 to 11 years. A CBCL factor called Autistic/Bizarre and the narrow-band Thought Problems scale differentiated autistic conditions from other psychiatric disorders and schoolchildren. Conclusion: the CBCL/4-16 can identify autistic children in clinical and school settings in Brazil.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDiffusion tensor imaging in autism spectrum disorders: preliminary evidence of abnormal neural connectivity(Informa Healthcare, 2011-02-01) Jou, Roger J.; Jackowski, Andrea P. [UNIFESP]; Papademetris, Xenophon; Rajeevan, Nallakkandi; Staib, Lawrence H.; Volkmar, Fred R.; Yale Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: This study indirectly tested the hypothesis that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have impaired neural connections between the amygdala, fusiform face area, and superior temporal sulcus, key processing nodes of the 'social brain'. This would be evidenced by abnormalities in the major fibre tracts known to connect these structures, including the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.Method: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was performed on 20 right-handed males (ASD = 10, controls = 10) with a mean age 13.5 +/- 4.0 years. Subjects were group-matched according to age, full-scale IQ, handedness, and ethnicity. Fractional anisotropy was used to assess structural integrity of major fibre tracts. Voxel-wise comparison of white matter fractional anisotropy was conducted between groups using ANCOVA adjusting for age, full-scale IQ, and brain volume. Volumes of interest were identified using predetermined probability and cluster thresholds. Follow-up tractography was performed to confirm the anatomic location of all volumes of interest which were observed primarily in peri-callosal regions and the temporal lobes.Results: the regions of lower fractional anisotropy, as confirmed by tractography, involved the inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corpus callosum/cingulum. Notably, some volumes of interest were adjacent to the fusiform face area, bilaterally, corresponding to involvement of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. the largest effect sizes were noted for volumes of interest in the right anterior radiation of the corpus callosum/cingulum and right fusiform face area (inferior longitudinal fasciculus).Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of impaired neural connectivity in the corpus callosum/cingulum and temporal lobes involving the inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus in ASDs. These findings provide preliminary support for aberrant neural connectivity between the amygdala, fusiform face area, and superior temporal sulcus-temporal lobe structures critical for normal social perception and cognition.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEducational needs of epileptologists regarding psychiatric comorbidities of the epilepsies: a descriptive quantitative survey(John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 2017) Mula, Marco; Cavalheiro, Esper [UNIFESP]; Guekht, Alla; Kanner, Andres M.; Lee, Hyang Woon; Ozkara, Cigdem; Thomson, Alfredo; Wilson, Sarah J.Aim. Psychiatric disorders are relatively frequent comorbidities in epilepsy and they have an impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. This is a report from the Task Force on Education of the ILAE Commission on Neuropsychiatry based on a survey about educational needs of epileptologists regarding management of the psychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy. Methods. The Task Force designed a quantitative questionnaire to survey the self-perceived confidence of child and adult epileptologists and psychiatrists in managing major psychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy to identify: (1) critical areas of improvement from a list of skills that are usually considered necessary for effective management of these conditions, and (2) the preferred educational format for improving these skills. Results. A total of 211 respondents from 35 different countries participated in the survey. Confidence and usefulness scores suggest that responders would most value education and training in the management of specific clinical scenarios. Child neurologists identified major Axis I disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, while adult neurologists identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities, and autistic spectrum disorder as key areas. Both adult and child neurologists identified screening skills as the priority. Psychiatrists mainly valued specific training in the management of psychiatric complications of epilepsy surgery or psychiatric adverse events of antiepileptic drugs. Sessions during congresses and face-to-face meetings represent the preferred educational format, while e-learning modules and review papers were chosen by a minority of respondents. Conclusions. Results of this survey identify key areas for improvement in managing the psychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy and suggest specific strategies to develop better training for clinicians involved in epilepsy care.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Evaluation of the theory of mind in autism spectrum disorders with the Strange Stories test(Assoc Arquivos Neuro- Psiquiatria, 2013-11-01) Velloso, Renata de Lima; Duarte, Cintia Perez; Schwartzman, Jose Salomao [UNIFESP]; Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To evaluate the theory of mind in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and control individuals by applying the Strange Stories test that was translated and adapted to the Portuguese language. Method: Twenty-eight children with ASD and 56 controls who were all mate and aged between 6 and 12 years participated in the study. Results: There were significant differences between the median scores of the groups for each of the 12 stories of the test and for the sum total of all the median scores. the median scores for all stories were significantly greater in the control group than those in the experimental group (children with ASD). in addition, the protocol had excellent internal consistency. Conclusion: the theory of mind skills assessed with the Strange Stories test indicated alterations in children with ASD compared with children in the control group.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A expressão neurológica e o diagnóstico genético nas síndromes de Angelman, de Rett e do X-Frágil(Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2002-08-01) Veiga, Marielza Fernández [UNIFESP]; Toralles, Maria Betânia Pereira; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SBNC; UFBA Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos; UFBA Faculdade de Medicina Depto. de PediatriaObjective: to discuss clinical and electroencephalographic aspects and the genetic mechanisms of three neurogenic syndromes that can be related to nosologic entities in the heterogenic pathological group presenting symptoms of mental retardation and autism. Sources: the authors carried out a bibliographic review on each syndrome involved, correlating and characterizing the neurological manifestations, as well as describing genetic mechanisms and identifying biological markers. Summary of the findings: the authors were able to confirm that Rett Sydrome is a genetic disease resulting from the mutation of the MECP2 gene and clinical variations can be explained by different mutations in this gene. Angelman syndrome has four genetic mechanisms responsible for phenotypic variations and different risks of recurrence. In Fragile-X syndrome, the degree of cognitive impairment is related to the number of trinucleotide repeats. Conclusions: different genetic mechanisms of the three syndromes are responsible for clinical variability. By identifying the biological markers, the diagnosis will be performed earlier and it will be possible to identify new subtle expressions of the disease.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosFactors associated with stress in mothers of children with autism(Sage Publications Ltd, 2005-10-01) Duarte, C. S.; Bordin, I. A.; Yazigi, L.; Mooney, J.; Columbia Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The objective of this case-control study was to investigate the determinants of maternal stress in mothers of children with autism. Mothers of 31 children with autism from mental health clinics were matched by child age/gender and mother age to 31 mothers of children without mental health problems, drawn from public schools and a primary care unit. Logistic regression models showed that the presence of stress in mothers was primarily associated with having a child with autism. However, poor expression of affect, little interest in people, being an older mother, and having a younger child also contributed to increased stress levels. Although having a child with autism was the main factor responsible for stress, the presence of the other factors further increased maternal stress. the implication is that a subgroup of mothers of children with autism is more prone to experience stress, thus requiring special attention from mental health professionals.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Problemas de comportamento em crianças com Transtorno Autista(Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 2011-03-01) Marteleto, Márcia Regina Fumagalli [UNIFESP]; Schoen-Ferreira, Teresa Helena [UNIFESP]; Chiari, Brasilia Maria [UNIFESP]; Perissinoto, Jacy [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The purpose of this study was the identification of behavioral problems in children with autism disorders. In total 118 mothers of children between three and fifteen years of age responded to the Child Behavior Checklist. Three groups of children were differentiated: children with autism, children with language disorders, and typical schoolchildren. The autism and language disorder groups had significantly higher average total scores than the typical schoolchildren. The language disorder group had higher average scores on aggressive behavior and externalizing behavior. The children with autism disorders had higher average scores on thought problems and lower scores on anxiety. Children with autism showed different behavioral problems in comparison with the two remaining groups of children.