Navegando por Palavras-chave "attention-deficit"

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    Co-ocorrência entre transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e uso de substâncias psicoativas
    (Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2007-01-01) Szobot, Claudia M.; Romano, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Luterana do Brasil; UFRGS Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly associated with substance use disorders (SUDs), both in clinical and community studies. Approximately 30% of subjects with SUDs present with comorbid ADHD, a prevalence rate significantly higher than that seen in the general population. The effect of ADHD on the development of SUDs have been subject to extensive studies. This article reviews the existing literature regarding: a) the nature of the association between ADHD and SUDs; b) the impact of ADHD on SUDs; c) the treatment of ADHD which co-occurs with SUDs. Finally an overview, from a predominantly clinical perspective, an integration of those data is proposed.
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    Neurobiological support to the diagnosis of ADHD in stimulant-naive adults: pattern recognition analyses of MRI data
    (Wiley, 2017) Chaim-Avancini, T. M.; Doshi, J.; Zanetti, M. V.; Erus, G.; Silva, M. A.; Duran, F. L. S.; Cavallet, M.; Serpa, M. H.; Caetano, S. C. [UNIFESP]; Louza, M. R.; Davatzikos, C.; Busatto, G. F.
    Objective: In adulthood, the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been subject of recent controversy. We searched for a neuroanatomical signature associated with ADHD spectrum symptoms in adults by applying, for the first time, machine learning-based pattern classification methods to structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data obtained from stimulant-naive adults with childhood-onset ADHD and healthy controls (HC). Method: Sixty-seven ADHD patients and 66 HC underwent high-resolution T1-weighted and DTI acquisitions. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a non-linear kernel was applied on multimodal image features extracted on regions of interest placed across the whole brain. Results: The discrimination between a mixed-gender ADHD subgroup and individually matched HC (n = 58 each) yielded area-under-the-curve (AUC) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) values of up to 0.71% and 66% (P = 0.003) respectively. AUC and DA values increased to 0.74% and 74% (P = 0.0001) when analyses were restricted to males (52 ADHD vs. 44 HC). Conclusion: Introvert personality traits showed independent risk effects on suicidality regardless of diagnosis status. Among high risk individuals with suicidal thoughts, higher neuroticism tendency is further associated with increased risk of suicide attempt.