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    Toxicidade reprodutiva, mutagenicidade, genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade do Arsênio em ratos machos expostos durante o desenvolvimento pré-puberal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-09) Samelo, Ricardo Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Perobelli, Juliana Elaine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Arsenic (As) is an element that naturally occurs in the environment and can contaminate air, soil, water and organisms by mobilizing its natural mineral deposits. In addition, contamination may result from anthropogenic activities such as industrial processes, mining and metallurgy. Inorganic compounds are generally more toxic and are widely available in aquatic environment, including sources of drinking water. Studies have shown that more than 150 million people worldwide are affected by concentrations above 0.01mg/L of As in drinking water, which corresponds to the tolerable limit according to World Health Organization. Plants and animal organisms from contaminated sites are the main sources of intoxication for the general population through diet intake. The toxicity of As is related to the endogenous production of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. The present study investigated whether exposure to inorganic arsenic during male pre-pubertal development causes reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in rats. In this study, male Wistar rats (21 days old) were distributed into 3 groups (n = 10/group): control (vehicle, filtered drinking water), As1 (AsNaO2 0.01mg.L-1) and As2 (received AsNaO 2 at 10 mg.L-1). The animals were treated from postnatal day 23 to 53, when they were euthanized. Damage to reproductive system was observed in As-treated animals when compared to control, both in the testes and in the epididymis, indicating impairment on spermatogenic process and sperm maturation. The liver has been shown to be an important target tissue for As toxicity in animals exposed to As in these experimental conditions, presenting defense cell infiltrates, DNA damage and increased rates of apoptosis. In the renal tissue an As exposition did not showed visible alterations in histological analysis. The micronucleus test in bone marrow reveled a bigger amount of micronucleated cells in As1. However, the Cometa assay to evaluate genotoxicity did not demonstrated difference between the experimental groups. Mass spectrometry revealed higher concentrations of As in testis, epididymis, kidney and liver of As2 group compared to As1 and Control. In conclusion, Inorganic As exposure during prepubertal development causes reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in male rats.