Navegando por Palavras-chave "Urinary bladder"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosDNA damage in multiple organs after exposure to chlorhexidine in Wistar rats(Elsevier B.V., 2007-03-01) Grassi, Tony Fernando; Camargo, Elaine Aparecida de; Salvadori, Daisy Maria Favero; Marques, Mariangela Esther Alencar; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Since chlorhexidine is effective against microorganisms, it is widely recommended in dentistry. However, studies have provided evidence that chlorhexidine is toxic for a variety of cell types. in order to identify potential genotoxins in different cell types, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether chlorhexidine digluconate is able to cause, in terms of DNA damage, alterations in leukocytes, liver, kidney and urinary bladder by the single cell gel (comet) assay. Ten male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a negative control and the experimental group treated with 3 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate by gavage once a day for 8 days. Statistically significant increases of DNA damage was observed in leukocytes and kidney cells of the chlorhexidine digluconate treated group as depicted by the mean tail moment. Taken together, the data indicate that leukocytes and kidney cells are potential targets for primary DNA damage following oral exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate as detected by single cell gel (comet) assay. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Hiperatividade do detrusor: comparação entre oxibutinina, eletroestimulação funcional do assoalho pélvico e exercícios perineais. Estudo randomizado(Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 2007-09-01) Arruda, Raquel Martins [UNIFESP]; Sousa, Gabriela Olbrich de [UNIFESP]; Castro, Rodrigo de Aquino [UNIFESP]; Sartori, Marair Gracio Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Baracat, Edmund Chada [UNIFESP]; Girão, Manoel João Batista Castello [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)PURPOSE: to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of oxybutynin, electrostimulation (ES) and pelvic floor training (PFT) in the management of women with detrusor overactivity. METHODS: a total of 64 women, 35 to 80 years old, were enrolled in this randomized prospective trial. Patients were randomized in three groups: Oxybutynin (n=22), ES (n=21) and PFT (n=21). There were no statistical differences between the three groups with regards to race (p=0.948), age (p=0.747), hormonal status (p=0.813), time of symptomatology (p=0.789), previous surgery for urinary incontinence (p=0.993), or body mass index (p=0.897). Patients were assessed before and after treatment by urodynamic test, a seven-day voiding diary, and subjective response. The duration of the treatment was twelve weeks. For statistical analyses, the Pearson chi2, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the paired t-test were used. RESULTS: there was a decrease in the urge-incontinence episodes and in the number of pads required in all groups (p<0.05). There was reduction in the frequency of micturition in the Oxybutynin Group (p=0.014). Oxybutynin and ES Groups had reduction in nocturia episodes (p=0.003 and p=0.036, respectively). There were no significant differences in improvement between the three groups (p>0.05). Urgency was resolved in 14 (63.6%), 11 (52.4%) and 12 (57.1%) patients of the Oxybutynin, ES and PFT Groups, respectively, without differences among the groups (p=0.754). Subjectively, 17 (77.3%), 11 (52.4%) and 16 (76.2%) women who had accomplished oxybutynin, ES and PFT, respectively, were satisfied, without differences among the groups (p = 0.142). Urodynamic was normal in 8 (36.4%), 12 (57.1%) and 11 (52.4%) patients of the Oxybutynin, ES and PFT Groups, respectively. This urodynamic analysis revealed no differences between the three groups (p=0.358). The reduction of urge-incontinence correlated with patient satisfaction (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: treatments were equally effective; reduction of urge-incontinence was correlated with patient satisfaction.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Histomorphometric analysis of a rat bladder after electrical stimulation(Associação Médica Brasileira, 2011-02-01) Franco, Gisela Rosa [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Emerson de; Baracat, Edmund Chada [UNIFESP]; Simões, Manuel de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Sartori, Marair Gracio Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Girão, Manoel João Batista Castello [UNIFESP]; Castro, Rodrigo de Aquino [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) of the pelvic floor on the bladder of rats. METHODS: Forty rats were studied and divided into the following groups: GI (control group) - did not receive ES, GII (placebo) - did not receive ES but had an electrode inserted into the vagina; GIII - underwent six sessions of ES of the pelvic floor and GIV - rats that underwent 12 sessions of ES. Subsequently, the bladder was removed and the epithelium, muscle and blood vessels were analyzed. RESULTS: The muscle wall in GIV had increased thickness when compared to other groups. Further, the number of blood vessels was similar in GIII and GIV, which was higher than that found in GI and GII. Finally, there was an increase in the relative percentage of muscle fibers in relation to collagen for GIV compared to GI. CONCLUSION: After 12 sessions of ES in rats the muscle layer, the number of blood vessels and the relative percentage of muscle fibers were increased.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosInfluência do estresse oxidativo e da suplementação de alfa-tocoferol sobre as células do urotélio vesical de ratas ooforectomizadas(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006) Lorenzetti, Fábio [UNIFESP]; Dambros, Miriam [UNIFESP]Objetivo: A bexiga pode ser considerada um órgão-alvo para a ação dos estrogênios. Diminuição dos níveis do hormônio após a menopausa tem sido associada com disfunção vesical. Ratas ooforectomizadas têm sido empregadas como um modelo animal para estudo dos efeitos do estresse oxidativo no útero, o qual, devido à geração de espécies reativas ao oxigênio, pode levar a danos em diferentes células, como as células uroteliais. Entretanto, as células corporais apresentam um grande número de mecanismos de defesa que as protegem contra a toxicidade das espécies reativas de oxigênio. Se a evidência for correta, a terapia com antioxidante seria benéfica em ratas ooforectomizadas. O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar se a suplementação com alfa-tocoferol influencia os níveis de estresse oxidativo, bem como o dano de Ácido desoxirribonucléico (DNA) da célula urotelial da bexiga de ratas castradas. Métodos: Um total de 30 ratas da raça Wistar foram divididas em três grupos com 10 animais cada. O grupo I foi submetido a um procedimento sham e sacrificado após 30 dias. O grupo 11 foi ooforectomizado bilateral e sacrificado após 30 dias sem receber suplementação com alfa-tocoferol. O grupo 111 foi ooforectomizado bilateral e recebeu suplementação com alfa-tocoferol na dose de 1 000 IU/kg uma vez por semana, 1M, durante 30 dias antes e após o procedimento. Após quatro semanas do procedimento, os ratos foram anestesiados e as bexigas rapidamente removidas, congeladas e estocadas a -70°C para análise do Cometa, o qual foi realizado em linfócitos e células do urotélio vesical. Determinou-se também a concentração no plasma de 8-isoprostano, a fim de confirmar a presença de estresse oxidativo. Para a análise estatística, empregou-se o teste não pareado t de Student. Resultados: Os níveis de 8¬isoprostano encontravam-se aumentados no plasma de ratas ooforectomizadas, as quais não receberam suplementação de alfa-tocoferol quando comparado com os grupos sham e ooforectomizado com reposição de alfa-tocoferol. A análise do Tail Moment das células uroteliais demonstrou que o grupo ooforectomizado apresentou um dano de DNA estatisticamente significante quando comparado com os demais grupos. Conclusão: Com base nos dados acima, pode-se concluir que o alfa-tocoferol diminui os efeitos da ooforectomia sobre a peroxidação lipídica e evita o dano do DNA encontrado nas células uroteliais.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPresence of phosphodiesterase type 5 in the spinal cord and its involvement in bladder outflow obstruction related bladder overactivity(Elsevier B.V., 2013-10-01) Fuellhase, Claudius; Hennenberg, Martin; Giese, Armin; Schmidt, Michael; Strittmatter, Frank; Soler, Roberto [UNIFESP]; Gratzke, Christian; Andersson, Karl-Erik; Stief, Christian; Univ Munich; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Wake Forest UnivPurpose: Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors were recently introduced as a new treatment option for men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Safety and clinical effectiveness are well documented but the mode of action is still unclear. We determined and compared the expression of phosphodiesterase type 5 in the spinal cord of normal (sham operated) rats and rats with partial urethral obstruction induced bladder overactivity. We also assessed the urodynamic effects of intravenously and intrathecally administered sildenafil in the rats to determine whether phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors exert effects on the sacral spinal cord.Materials and Methods: A total of 65 male Sprague-Dawley (R) rats were used for molecular/morphological and functional experiments. Bladder overactivity was induced via surgical partial urethral obstruction in 39 of 65 rats. Spinal phosphodiesterase type 5 expression was assessed by histology and polymerase chain reaction. the effects of sildenafil administered intravenously or intrathecally were studied urodynamically.Results: Phosphodiesterase type 5 was expressed in various regions of the lumbosacral spinal cord, including the sacral regions of micturition control. Expression was similar in normal rats and rats with partial urethral obstruction/bladder overactivity. in normal rats intravenous and intrathecal sildenafil had no urodynamic effect. When administered intravenously and intrathecally to rats with partial urethral obstruction/bladder overactivity, sildenafil decreased micturition frequency and bladder pressure. Doses tested intrathecally had no effect when given intravenously.Conclusions: Phosphodiesterase type 5 is expressed in the rat spinal cord. Intravenous sildenafil may exert part of its urodynamic effect in rats with partial urethral obstruction/bladder overactivity via an effect on the sacral spinal cord.