Navegando por Palavras-chave "Transtornos psiquiátricos"

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    Avaliação da espessura cortical e volume de estruturas subcorticais associados ao fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) em uma coorte de alto risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos durante a infância e adolescência
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-10-22) Araujo, Celia Maria De [UNIFESP]; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Zugman, André [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3870480662013174; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7508415549513991; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6000305114700900; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and transmission. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and brain structural alterations in adults, but little is known about the effect of Val66Met on brain structure during typical or atypical neurodevelopment. Windows of vulnerability for psychopathology may be associated with both Val and Met BDNF alleles. Objective: This thesis aimed to investigate the effect of BDNF (genotype and serum) on cortical volume and thickness and on the volume of hippocampus and amygdala of healthy children and adolescents and in those at high risk of developing psychiatric disorder. Methodology: we conducted two studies that used the database of images and genetic data from 749 children and adolescents at high risk for the development of psychiatric disorders. They were participants of the cohort study that was conducted in Brazilian schools in 2010 (Highrisk cohort HRC). The first study investigated the effect of Val66Met on cortical thickness on MRI scans of 718 children and adolescents with typical and atypical development (according to the DAWBA criteria). The second study tested possible replicable correlations between BDNF peripheral concentrations, brain structure and psychopathology; and whether there was an effect of the BDNF genotype on the BDNF serum concentrations in late childhood and early adolescence. Results: The first study showed that typical developed Met carriers had thicker parietal/occipital lobes and prefrontal cortices compared to the homozygotes Val. In the group with some psychiatric diagnosis, it was observed that Met carriers had increased thickness of the temporal and lateral temporal cortices. In addition, a significant interaction between genotype x the psychiatric diagnosis was found with the Met allele carriers presenting thinner bilateral prefrontal cortices compared to the Val homozygotes.The results of the second study showed (in the two samples evaluated), lack of evidence to support any association between serum BDNF concentrations and cortical and subcortical volumes. Analyzes of interactions between Val66Met and sex or Val66Met and psychiatric diagnoses did not detect any effect on serum BDNF values in children with typical or atypical development. Conclusion: Children and adolescents (Met carriers) showed differences in cortical thickness of varying regions of the brain when compared to Val homozygotes. In addition, the affected brain regions were different between individuals with typical and atypical development. There was no association between serum concentrations of BDNF and cortical and subcortical volumes. These results suggest that the BDNF genotype may be associated with cerebral cortex maturation and play a key role in Gene X Environment interaction during developmental trajectories, which may contribute to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of earlyonset psychiatric disorders.
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    Estudo da associação entre transtornos de personalidade e alterações de neuroimagem em pacientes com epilepsia mioclônica juvenil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-04-29) Araujo Filho, Gerardo Maria de [UNIFESP]; Yacubian, Elza Márcia Targas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Purpose: Studies involving juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients have demonstrated an elevated prevalence of cluster B personality disorders (PD) characterized as emotional instability and immaturity, unsteadiness, lack of discipline, hedonism, frequent and rapid mood changes and indifference towards their disease. In the present study we aimed to verify a possible correlation between structural and functional brain abnormalities in magnetic resonance image (MRI) and the presence of PD in JME using the techniques of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Methods: Sixteen JME patients with cluster B PD, 41 JME patients without any psychiatric disorder and 30 healthy controls were submitted to a psychiatric evaluation through SCID-I and SCID-II and to a MRI. The techniques of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and quantitative multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were performed. Groups were paired according to age, gender and manual dominance. Results: In VBM study, reduction of gray matter volume (GMV) in right thalamus and increase of GMV in right and left mesiofrontal and in right frontobasal areas were observed in JME patients with PD, while in MRS there was reduction of NAA/Cr ratio in right thalamus and in mesiofrontal regions bilaterally in the group of JME with PD. In addition, a significant increase of GLX/Cr ratio was also observed in mesiofrontal regions bilaterally in the same group of patients. Conclusions: The thalamus, mesiofrontal and frontobasal regions are involved in the pathophysiology of JME and cluster B PD. These data support the hypothesis that PD in JME could represent more intense frontal lobe dysfunctions and possibly a more severe form of this epileptic syndrome.
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    O impacto de drogas de abuso no estabelecimento de transtornos mentais: um estudo de interação gene-ambiente
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-11) Destro, Pedro Henrique [UNIFESP]; Santoro, Marcos Leite [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Carolina Muniz Felix de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4463074867502277; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8899941647240638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6487623028810887
    Os transtornos mentais são uma das principais causas de anos de vida perdidos por incapacidade. Os sintomas psiquiátricos geralmente começam durante a adolescência e podem progredir e persistir na idade adulta. Apesar dos avanços e investimentos, os estudos de associação de variantes genéticas em larga escala (GWAS) são capazes de explicar apenas 25% da herdabilidade total destes transtornos, e acredita-se que parte da herdabilidade restante possa ser explicada pela interação gene-gene e gene-ambiente. Os transtornos mentais são fenótipos multifatoriais, ou seja, embora os fatores genéticos possam tornar uma pessoa mais suscetível a essas condições, a interação entre a genética e fatores ambientais pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um transtorno. O atual projeto propõe investigar a importância da interação do uso de drogas de abuso e variantes genéticas no estabelecimento de transtornos mentais. Desse modo, este estudo buscou relacionar variantes genéticas previamente associadas ao uso de drogas com o aumento do risco de incidência de transtornos mentais em 2.190 indivíduos de uma coorte brasileira de alto risco para transtornos mentais, a Brazilian High Risk Cohort Study (BHRCS). Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico para seleção de SNVs (Single Nucleotide Variants) associadas ao uso de 5 drogas de abuso: Cannabis, cocaína/crack, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) e inalantes. Após levantamento na literatura, as SNVs passaram por um filtro para exclusão de variantes muito raras e em desequilíbrio de ligação. Com isso, obtivemos 75 SNVs, as quais passaram por análises estatísticas de regressão linear para investigação da interação dessas variantes genéticas com o uso de drogas de abuso na ocorrência dos seguintes transtornos mentais: Esquizofrenia, Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, transtorno bipolar, ansiedade e depressão. Após análises estatísticas, foram identificadas 7 variantes genéticas associadas significativamente com o uso de drogas atuando no desenvolvimento dos transtornos. Dessas variantes, 5 SNVs demonstraram um efeito de risco em relação a presença do alelo raro (rs11939815, rs2023239, rs9773390, rs1799978 e rs910079) e 2 apresentaram um efeito protetor (rs6265, rs3745274). Também foi analisada a frequência alélica das variantes relacionadas em relação aos dados da BHRCS e o banco de dados gnomAD, na qual apenas a SNV rs9773390 apresentou diferenças.
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    Transtornos psiquiátricos na epilepsia: uma proposta de classificação elaborada pela comissão de neuropsiquiatria da ILAE
    (Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE), 2008-09-01) Araujo Filho, Gerardo Maria de [UNIFESP]; Rosa, Vivianne Pellegrino [UNIFESP]; Yacubian, Elza Márcia Targas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    INTRODUCTION: The relationship between psychiatric disorders (PD) and epilepsy is among the most frequent and important aspects of epileptology. PD are present in all epileptic syndromes and contribute to increase the difficulties in treating these patients. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the classifications for the PD in epilepsy and highlighted the proposal by the ILAE Commission on Neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION: The classification proposal by the ILAE attempted to separate disorders comorbid with epilepsy and those that reflect ongoing epileptiform activity from epilepsy-specific disorders and are based on clinical and descriptive symptoms rather than in etiological classification. It also presents clear and operational criteria that could be of greater utility for future studies of PD in epilepsy.
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    Women who smoke and stop during pregnancy: who are they?
    (Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, 2008-03-01) Reis, Liane G.; Silva, Cláudio Jerônimo da [UNIFESP]; Trindade, Arlene; Abrahão, Margarida; Silva, Vilma Aparecida da; Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto Biomédico; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal Fluminense Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia
    OBJECTIVES: to identify factors involved in not stopping smoking in spite of being pregnant. METHODS: standardized interviews were applied to 486 pregnant women in the pre-natal clinics of four health centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2003 and February 2004. Every time a smoker was identified, an additional interview, which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Fagerströn scale for nicotine dependence, and the Screening Questionnaire for Adult Mental Disorders, was carried out. RESULTS: the prevalence of smoking, in the initial stages of pregnancy was 21.1%. Most smokers presented a low level of nicotine dependence. Thirty-six percent of them stopped smoking by the first trimester of the present pregnancy without any specific medical intervention. Important differences between those who were able to stop and those who were not were alcohol intake and number of previous attempts at abstinence. Women who stopped smoking drank less during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: stopping smoking during pregnancy seems to be linked to a non-specific drive towards the well-being of the fetus. The number of previous attempts at abstinence was positively related to stopping at the beginning of pregnancy. In spite of the prevalence of the problem, there is still inadequate support for smokers in the prenatal services.