Navegando por Palavras-chave "Toxicidade de drogas"
Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Assessment of ocular surface toxicity after topical instillation of nitric oxide donors(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2013-02-01) Cariello, Angelino Julio [UNIFESP]; Souza, Gabriela Freitas Pereira de; Lowen, Marcia Serva [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Marcelo Ganzarolli de; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular surface toxicity of two nitric oxide donors in ex vivo and in vivo animal models: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix at final concentrations 1.0 and 10.0 mM. METHODS: Ex vivo GSNO and SNAC toxicities were clinically and histologically analyzed using freshly excised pig eyeballs. In vivo experiments were performed with 20 albino rabbits which were randomized into 4 groups (5 animals each): Groups 1 and 2 received instillations of 150 µL of aqueous HPMC solution containing GSNO 1.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively, in one of the eyes; Groups 3 and 4 received instillations of 150 µL of aqueous HPMC solution-containing SNAC 1.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively, in one of the eyes. The contralateral eyes in each group received aqueous HPMC as a control. All animals underwent clinical evaluation on a slit lamp and the eyes were scored according to a modified Draize eye test and were histologically analyzed. RESULTS: Pig eyeballs showed no signs of perforation, erosion, corneal opacity or other gross damage. These findings were confirmed by histological analysis. There was no difference between control and treated rabbit eyes according to the Draize eye test score in all groups (p>0.05). All formulations showed a mean score under 1 and were classified as non-irritating. There was no evidence of tissue toxicity in the histological analysis in all animals. CONCLUSION: Aqueous HPMC solutions containing GSNO and SNAC at concentrations up to 10.0 mM do not induce ocular irritation.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação da qualidade de vida e toxicidades em pacientes com câncer colorretal tratados com quimioterapia adjuvante baseada em fluoropirimidinas(Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia - IBEPEGE Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva - CBCD Sociedade Brasileira de Motilidade Digestiva - SBMD Federação Brasileira de Gastroenterologia - FBGSociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia - SBHSociedade Brasileira de Endoscopia Digestiva - SOBED, 2006-06-01) Roque, Vanessa Maria Nunes [UNIFESP]; Forones, Nora Manoukian [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)BACKGROUND: The colorectal cancer is the fourth cause of cancer in Brazil and 5-fluorouracil is the drug most commonly used in the adjuvant or palliative treatment of this disease. AIM - Evaluating in patients with colorectal cancer and chemotherapy, the toxicity and the quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 2001 and May 2003, 45 patients treated with colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluourouracil and folinic acid were followed closely during six cycles. The gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was analysed making use of the chart Recommendations for the Graduation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity. After the end of each cycle of chemotherapy, the results were registered according to the respectives degrees that vary from 0 to 4. The quality of life was researched through the WHOQOL bref (World Health Organization Quality of Life) questionary that consists of 26 questions and 4 domains: physical, psychological, social relations and environmental, in the beginning, on the 3rd and 6th cycles of treatment. RESULTS: Among the 45 patients, 28 were male, the average age was 58.4 years old (from 34 to 79 years old). According to the International Union Against Cancer classification, 34 patients (75.6%) had tumors stage II or III and 11 had tumors stage IV (24.4%), 64.4% were in the colon. In 57.7% the chemotherapy was adjuvant and in the others palliative. The toxicities more commonly found were nauseas (42%), diarrhea (38%), and neutropenia (15.7%). There was no significant difference among the degrees of toxicity in the different cycles as well as among the patients in adjuvant or palliative treatment. Significant alterations was found among the quality of life in the physical and psychological domains when the 1st and the 2nd or the 1st and the 3rd application of the test were done. Alterations of the quality of life were also found in the social domain when the first evaluation was compared with the last one. There was no difference between the quality of life and the treatment.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação histopatológica dos efeitos colaterais do uso intraestromal de biguanida em córnea de coelhos(Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia, 2010-12-01) Rossi, Lucas Vieira Bueno; Espindola, Eduardo Vieira Braga; Obeid, Wilson Nahmatallah; Montovan, Fernando Buzatto; Marculino, Leonardo Guedes; Takayama, Vanessa; Rigueiro, Moacyr Pezati [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Denise de [UNIFESP]; Vieira, Luiz Antonio; Hospital CEMA; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: Observe the effects of corneal intrastromal injection of biguanide at 0.02%, 0.1% and 0.5% in rabbits' eyes. METHODS: Doble blind prospective study. 8 rabbits were used, randomly identified and divided into 4 groups, with 2 rabbits each, with the administration of 0.2 ml of the drug via intrastromal, in the right eye. The first group received biguanide at a concentration of 0.02%, the second one at 0.1%, the third at 0.5% and the fourth group (control) was given a placebo injection - saline solution at 0.9%. One rabbit from each group was sacrificed on the third day and the remaining rabbits on the tenth day after the drug injection and had its right eyes enucleated and submitted to histopathological analysis. RESULTS: The rabbits that received placebo and biguanide at 0.02% presented, both on the third and the tenth day of the application, mild inflammation response. The rabbit sacrificed on the third day after the drug injection at 0.1% presented mild inflammatory infiltrate with neutrophils and eosinophils, although on the tenth day there was stromal necrosis, vascularization and intense infiltrate. The third group presented stromal necrosis, moderate infiltrate of leukocytes and endothelial atrophy with leukocytes in the anterior chamber on the third day, developing extensive stromal necrosis, moderate infiltrate and endothelial and epithelial atrophy on the t enth day. CONCLUSION: Biguanide when used at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% may cause adverse reactions in the rabbit's cornea, which arouses the necessity of further studies with a larger sample to confirm the findings.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Drogas antituberculose: interações medicamentosas, efeitos adversos e utilização em situações especiais - parte 1: fármacos de primeira linha(Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2010-10-01) Arbex, Marcos Abdo [UNIFESP]; Varella, Marília de Castro Lima; Siqueira, Hélio Ribeiro de; Mello, Fernando Augusto Fiúza de; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo Hospital Estadual Nestor Goulart Reis; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto; Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças Instituto Clemente FerreiraThe main objectives of tuberculosis therapy are to cure the patients and to minimize the possibility of transmission of the bacillus to healthy subjects. Adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs or drug interactions (among antituberculosis drugs or between antituberculosis drugs and other drugs) can make it necessary to modify or discontinue treatment. We briefly review the new guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of tuberculosis, introduced by the Brazilian National Ministry of Health in 2009, and describe the general mechanism of action, absorption, metabolization, and excretion of the first-line drugs used in the basic regimen. We describe adverse drug reactions and interactions (with other drugs, food, and antacids), as well as the most appropriate approach to special situations, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, liver failure, and kidney failure. We also describe the mechanisms by which the interactions among the antituberculosis drugs used in the basic regimen can cause druginduced hepatitis, and we discuss the alternatives in this situation.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Drogas antituberculose: interações medicamentosas, efeitos adversos e utilização em situações especiais - parte 2: fármacos de segunda linha(Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2010-10-01) Arbex, Marcos Abdo [UNIFESP]; Varella, Marília de Castro Lima; Siqueira, Hélio Ribeiro de; Mello, Fernando Augusto Fiúza de; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo Hospital Estadual Nestor Goulart Reis; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto; Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças Instituto Clemente FerreiraThe main objectives of tuberculosis therapy are to cure the patients and to minimize the possibility of transmission of the bacillus to healthy subjects. Adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs or drug interactions (among antituberculosis drugs or between antituberculosis drugs and other drugs) can make it necessary to modify or discontinue treatment. We describe the general mechanism of action, absorption, metabolization, and excretion of the drugs used to treat multidrug resistant tuberculosis (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, cycloserine/terizidone, ethionamide, capreomycin, and para-aminosalicylic acid). We describe adverse drug reactions and interactions (with other drugs, food, and antacids), as well as the most appropriate approach to special situations, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, liver failure, and kidney failure.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Prevalência do uso de medicamentos na gravidez e relações com as características maternas(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 1999-06-01) Gomes, Keila R O; Moron, Antonio Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Silva, Rebeca de Souza e [UNIFESP]; Siqueira, Arnaldo Augusto Franco de; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)INTRODUCTION: There is in Brazil a growing use of industrially produced medicines even during the female reprodutive cycle. During pregnancy two organisms are exposed to the effects of medicines but in the foetus this may result in toxicities with possible irreversible lesions. The present study aims at verifying the prevalence of the use of medicines during pregnancy in the studied population and its relationship with maternal characteristics, the pharmacological groups used and the source of prescription. METHODS: The use of medication was evaluated among 1,620 women that gave birth in five public, private and contracted hospitals in the city of S. Paulo between July and September 1993. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The relation between maternal schooling and kind of assistance in hospitals has revealed social inequality in the access to the several kinds of delivery assistance services. The prevalence of use of at least one medicine was 97.6% with an average of 4.2 drugs per woman. The prevalence of use of drugs by medical prescription and self-medication were 94.9% and 33.5%, respectively. The most used medications, excluding vitamins, mineral salts and vaccines, were analgesics, antacids, antispasmodics and antemetics. Users of the largest number of medicines were, characteristically, over 29, married, of university level, salaried workers and had access to private health services. Medical assistance had a facilitating role in access to the use of drugs during the gestational period of the population studied. Women need to be made aware of the potential risks they expose their foetuses to when using so many medicines. Physicians should reflect on their role in contributing to the solution to this problem.