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    Biocompatibilidade e potencial osteogênico de scaffolds manufaturados a partir de esponjas marinhas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-29) Santos, Cintia Pereira De Goes [UNIFESP]; Granito, Renata Neves [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The marine sponges present interesting features, such as their three-dimensional architecture with interconnected pores, as well as their organic and inorganic components, which make them relevant candidates as biomaterials for the engineering of bone tissue. Therefore, this study aims to characterize and compare the in vivo osteogenic potential of scaffolds manufactured from two species of marine sponges, Dragmacidon reticulatum and Amphimedon viridis, both of Class Demospongiae. Initially, the marine sponges were collected, cut, lyophilized and sterilized to make the scaffolds. The scaffolds obtained were characterized by MEV, FTIR, XRD, EDS, besides the pH and mass degradation assay. Following, in vivo tests were performed using a scaffold implantation model in bone defect surgically created in rat tibiae. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: control group (GC), in which the bone defects were not filled with biomaterial, and the Dragmacidon reticulatum (GD) and Amphimedon viridis (GA) groups, in which the bone defects were filled with the scaffolds manufactured from the species Dragmacidon reticulatum and Amphimedon viridis, respectively. The animals were euthanized 15 days after surgery, the right tibias were used for biomechanical testing and the left tibia included in methyl methacrylate for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the non-decalcified bone tissue. In the characterization analyzes of the scaffolds, the SEM / EDS showed in both samples the presence of silica spurs, pores and the same chemical composition, the main elements being Si (silicon), O (oxygen) and C (carbon). There was a higher pore presence in a qualitative analysis, and a consequent greater degradation in the scaffolds of GD. pH analysis also revealed a greater variation in GD, with a more significant fall at the beginning of incubation (first three days). The XRD demonstrated the amorphous nature of scaffolds, with low crystallinity, for both species. The FTIR compared the functional groups and indicated a greater loss of organic matter in GD. In the histological analysis, the GC presented extensive formation of bone tissue at the edges of the lesion, with presence of osteoid tissue around it. The GD, when compared to GA, presented some points of neoformed bone tissue and a greater amount of osteoid tissue within the bone defect, always around the silica spicules. In turn, GA presented a fibrous capsule around the lesion, no formation of bone tissue, and a small amount of osteoid tissue at isolated sites within the defect. At the same time, in the histomorphometric analysis, GD presented a significantly higher percentage of osteoid tissue (OV / TV,%), as well as a significantly larger osteoblastic surface with respect to the bone surface (Ob.S / BS,%). In the biomechanical evaluation, there was no statistical difference between the studied species. Thus, the results suggest that the samples of the Dragmacidon reticulatum species, when compared to those of the species Amphimedon viridis, are potentially more suitable for the favoring of bone regeneration and, therefore, for use in tissue engineering.