Navegando por Palavras-chave "Suscetibilidade"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise da instabilidade de vertentes no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga (SP) usando o modelo TRIGRS(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-09-02) Ferreira, Laís Maria [UNIFESP]; Martins, Tiago Damas [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2782534935595139; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3537072684629549Os eventos relacionados aos movimentos de massa podem provocar cenários de desastre, tendo como consequências perdas humanas além dos danos sociais e ambientais para a área atingida. Os processos mais recorrentes no Brasil são os escorregamentos e os fluxos (detritos ou lama), além das inundações e, nesse sentido, vários esforços têm sido empregados para avaliar os impactos destes processos. Dentre eles estão os métodos matemáticos que podem ser empregados no mapeamento preditivo da suscetibilidade natural do relevo. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência de setores potencialmente instáveis e sujeitos a ocorrência de movimentos de massa, tendo como recorte espacial uma bacia hidrográfica de primeira ordem em zona periurbana, localizada no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga (SP). Para isso, adotou-se como proposta metodológica uma abordagem utilizando o modelo de base física TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope Stability), que permite identificar onde o Fator de Segurança atinge limite crítico (FS<1), a partir da combinação de diferentes parâmetros do meio físico, gerando uma previsão para potenciais áreas de escorregamentos translacionais rasos. Os resultados da previsão do modelo foram correlacionados com as áreas de risco previamente mapeadas pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Tecnológica (IPT) após os eventos ocorridos no verão de 2009 e 2010. Como resultado foi obtido uma análise conjunta entre o grau de risco e a suscetibilidade natural da bacia, em que foram usadas as classes do (FS<1) instável e (FS>1) estável, apresentando que a área total da bacia compreende 25,4% como instável e 74,7% da área estável. A avaliação para os perímetros dos setores de risco demonstrou que 18,5% dessas áreas registrem FS<1 e 81,4% são estáveis, com FS >1. Espera-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa possam contribuir no entendimento da suscetibilidade natural do terreno para a ocorrência de escorregamentos, vindo a servir como instrumento no mapeamento preditivo da suscetibilidade do terreno e para planos e ações de planejamento territorial que promovam a mitigação do impacto nas comunidades que estão localizadas em áreas sujeitas à ocorrência de movimento de massa.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDegradação da amoxicilina por processos oxidativos avançados presente em um efluente sintético e sua avaliação pós-tratamento(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-10-18) Pinto, Anderson Rodrigo Moreira [UNIFESP]; Martins, Cristiane Reis [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The objective of this present work was to evaluate the degradation of the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX), contained in a synthetic effluent, with an initial concentration observed in a real wastewater ([AMX]0 = 190 mg L-1). In many cases, conventional methods of treatment are not efficient for the removal of antibiotics, such as conventional biological processes. Thus, alternative methods should be used, among them the advanced oxidative processes (AOP). In this context, several processes were studied in order to degrade the AMX, which highlight the hydrolysis with different pH values (2, 2.5, 3 and 10) and some AOPs. To achieve these objectives, a photochemical reactor with a UV lamp of 450 W, denominated System A, was used. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode arrangement detector (HPLC-DAD) and to a mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-MS). In addition, it was used a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC). The hydrolysis processes were inefficient, since only after 24 hours of reaction at pH 2, removals were observed above 80% of AMX. The AOPs were able to completely remove the AMX in up to 1 hour of reaction and expressive removals of TOC up to 90%, in only 2 hours of reaction, highlighting that the photo- Fenton process removed 100% of the AMX in only 20 minutes of reaction. It was observed that the yield of TOC removal correlates with the ability of the system to remove two major area intermediates, called compounds A and N, and one of these intermediates occurs only in processes using UV radiation and another only with the use of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the application of the photolysis process with iron ions, which is little discussed in the literature, has been studied, obtaining a TOC removal equal to 70%, in only 2 hours of reaction (pH = 3; T = 40ºC; [AMX]0 = 190 mg L-1; [Fe+ 2] = [Fe + 3] = 15 mg L-1). However, this process did not use H2O2, which is a chemical reagent that represents one of the highest costs involving POA. In addition, a photochemical reactor was developed, which was less complex, using a 254 nm 11 W power lamp, called System B, in which was observed lower rates of AMX and TOC removal, mainly due to the power of the lamp is lower. Finally, treated effluents, via hydrolysis processes and AOPs, were evaluated for their possible toxicity to microorganisms commonly present in conventional biological effluent treatment processes. Two types of antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used: the disc diffusion technique and the broth microdilution method. In both tests, it was possible to conclude that the effluent containing AMX treated by the hydrolysis process was shown to be less biodegradable than that treated by AOP. In relation to the photo-Fenton process, it was observed that this method can be applied as a pretreatment step for conventional biological oxidation processes, aiming at the treatment of real industrial effluents.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Suscetibilidade a movimentos de massas gravitacionais no município de São Paulo – SP utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-14) Anjos, Caroline Silva dos [UNIFESP]; Soares Júnior, Adilson Viana [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6695778138601225; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2697066355268353The intensification of urbanization and disorderly occupation in regions of geological and geomorphological instability create areas of significant risk for social and economic losses due to natural disasters caused by gravitational mass movements. In this context, there is a clear need to map areas susceptible to these movements as an essential tool for land use management and urban planning In this study, the main objective is to draw up a map of susceptibility to gravitational mass movements in the municipality of São Paulo (SP) through the application of geoprocessing techniques, using free geological and remote sensing data. The methodology adopted included the qualitative combination of thematic maps and the classification of conditioning factors, such as Declivity, Lithology, Land Use, Vertical Curvature and Lineament Density. This process was followed by data cross-checking and validation of the final map. The results show that Low (41,78%) and Moderate (46,42%) susceptibility areas predominate in the territory as a whole. However, the Moderate and High classifications (11,79%) predominantly occupy the edges of the municipality, while the Low class predominate in the central region of São Paulo.