Navegando por Palavras-chave "Subjectification"

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    O "encontro" com o mapa e a Geografia no sexto ano do ensino fundamental na escola: contribuições da teoria cultural da objetivação
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-07-04) Castilho, Raquel Camalionte [UNIFESP]; Moretti, Vanessa Dias [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In the classroom of a public school, teachers and students are visualized as individuals that develop activities, collectively and cooperatively, that can generate transformation, psychic development and valorization of scientific knowledge. It is unquestionable the importance of the teaching of Geography and the map in the Brazilian reality, since it materializes a scientific interpretation of the space through a specific language, is a means of communication and is configured as a cultural artifact. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to analyze the processes of subjectivation and objectivation (RADFORD, 2006), the concepts that involve the concept of map and some of the cartographic elements in students of the 6th grade of Elementary School of a public school in Sao Paulo city. Based on the historical-cultural perspective, the human being is understood as a complex of social relations and a subject that presents a subjectivity, as well as particular experiences that are influenced reciprocally and dialectically. This finding led us to approach the teaching and learning process of these concepts in their totality, and in movement during the development of a didactic-formative experiment. After perceive the phenomenon, the data analysis was divided into three parts, two of them focused on the processes of objectification of the map, primarily the scale, as well as the spatial thinking that involves the concept of a city block. In the last part, the objective was to bring reflections that involved the process of subjectivation accompanied during the research. The results allow us to analyze a learning process of several concepts from the interaction of several semiotic modes, the teacher, the artifact, the representations, among others. In the unexpected, we could verify the transformation of the perception and representation of the smallest part of the urban space in this process. And, finally, the understanding of mechanisms of power that sustained the interactions between students, which, despite the movements were not broken and made aware of by Pedro, leads us to hope that this research will stimulate other researches so that more tasks (RADFORD, 2006) in order to contribute to the development of autonomous, critical, self-conscious subjects of the space in which they are inserted and respect, care, ethics, community and responsibility.
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    A polissemia de "coxinha" no português paulista: uma abordagem segundo a Gramática das Construções Cognitiva
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-20) Felippe, Beatriz Daldosso [UNIFESP]; Souza, Janderson Luiz Lemos De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This dissertation describes and explains the polysemy of the word "coxinha" in Paulista Portuguese, in specific, and in Brazilian Portuguese, in general. Within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics, the approach is formulated according to Cognitive Construction Grammar, a model which emphasizes the development of new meanings out of conventional meanings associated to a grammatical construction. What the dissertation uses from the theory is the conception of meaning as encyclopedic, viewpointed, flexible, and usage-based. What it uses from the model is the conception of polysemy as a radial categorization of meanings motivated by metaphoric and metonymic patterns. Therefore, the word "coxinha" is the grammatical construction that this dissertation takes for its object, which does not include the grammatical constructions of which this is part. Therefore, we address (i) the description of the meanings that the construction shows and (ii) the explanation of its polysemy by means of two cognitive processes: metaphor and metonymy. The pursuit of such aims revealed the insufficiency of the cognitive processes to explain the value of judgement in two new meanings, present in Paulista Portuguese: the one related to the police officer and the one related to a voter profile. In order to explain both of them, we have to appeal to the concept of subjectification, developed by Functional Linguistics and absorbed by Cognitive Linguistics, and we conclude that the subjectification contributes to the systematic polysemy of nouns in the diminutive and participates in the designations we take for metonymic. The construction of the meanings is investigated diachronically: (i) the first meaning of the word "coxinha", entrenched in Brazilian Portuguese, is the name of a snack, and such designation is attributed to metaphor; (ii) the second meaning, new and originated in São Paulo, is a nickname for the civil servant, in general, and the military police officer, in particular, of São Paulo state, and such designation is attributed to metonymy associated with subjectification; and (iii) the third meaning, also new and originated in São Paulo, refers to right-wing voters according to a folk theory of politics, is also attributed to metonymy and subjectification. In this dissertation, metaphor and metonymy remain as cognitive processes responsible for conceptualization, a central phenomenon in Cognitive Linguistics, which defines it as dynamic and imagistic, while subjectification is situated in the realm of viewpoint. Since meaning is defined as viewpointed, encyclopedic, flexible and usage-based,it becomes necessary to distinguish between conceptualization based on cognitive processes and subjectification as a manifestation of viewpoint. Following the usage-based path, we chose the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo as a source of data. Although we do not include usage frequency in our aims, the word was found in several editorials, which led us to divide the tokens of the word in three groups for the formation of a corpus: (i) from 1894 to 1999, for the analysis of "coxinha" as a snack name; (ii) from 2000 to 2012, for the analysis of "coxinha" as the nickname of the police officer; and (iii) from 2013 to 2018, for the analysis of "coxinha" as a voter profile. The division does not imply that the meaning relative to the snack does not occur beyond the first period, or that the meaning relative to the police officer does not occur beyond the second. Our thesis is that perspectivization, a species of which subjectification is a specimen, plays a preponderant role in the development of the latest meanings, given that subjectification is both part of the systematic polysemy relative to the word-formation process and associates with metonymy. Thus, this dissertation contributes to the recognition of the role of metaphor and metonymy with a case study where, without perspectivization, cognitive processes are not enough to explain the value of judgement. By doing so, this dissertation articulates the situated and the distributed characters of cognition, as defended by Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics.