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    A assistência ao negro na instituição asilar do Juquery
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Avezani, Amanda Carolina Franciscatto [UNIFESP]; Marcolan, Joao Fernando [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Objective: To reveal the assistance provided to black people in the period from 1898 to 1930 at Hospício do Juquery, considering the social context and the hegemony of medical knowledge at the time. Method: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, using a document analysis framework. The analysis of all medical records of inpatients in the period (about 6,300) in the Archive of Cultural Heritage of the Juquery Hospital Complex was carried out, with approximately 1,400 of black people, of which 457 records were included, being 140 women and 317 men. The selected period covered the direction of Francisco Franco da Rocha and Antônio Carlos Pacheco e Silva, whose ideas substantially influenced the institutional and national guidelines adopted and comprised the First Republic (1889-1930) with ostensible, violent and legitimized characteristics assumed by racism at the time. . Inclusion criteria to be denominated negro (a), pardo (a), caboclo (a), moreno (a) or mulatto (a) of both sexes with a minimum of 14 years of age, hospitalized in the period. The non-inclusion of medical records for not having enough data to meet the objectives. In the documentary research, methods and techniques were used to apprehend, understand and analyze the data from the chosen records, extracting essential information according to an instrument developed by the researchers to achieve the objectives of the study. The context considered the social examination in which the document was produced and the author was inserted and those to whom the documentation was intended. The political, economic, social and cultural situation that accompanied the production of medical records was analyzed. Results: Few inmates were considered to have some type of education and when present, it was considered primary, rudimentary or elementary. The origin in general was from disciplinary institutes, jails, police stations, penitentiaries, collections and judicial determinations. Most of the diagnoses were related to racial issues. such as progressive general paralysis, alcoholism, vagrancy, degeneration and eugenics and behavior outside the accepted social standards, especially for women, with sexist, patriarchal and moralistic views that were not compatible with the daily lives of most women, who were considered immoral and unhygienic and therefore excluded with hospitalization. Cultural aspects were also criminalized or received medical versions. They received clinical treatments that did not justify the hospitalization and the length of it. Most had no therapeutic proposal described to reinforce the hypothesis of the intention that keeping these subjects in the Hospice did not occur for the proposal of care. Institutional violence under the justification of discipline and moralizing character, which fell so devastatingly on the participants, could still be perceived more sharply from the roundabout. Institutional violence was present under the guise of treatment in many other ways (clinotherapy, pyrethotherapy, malarial therapy, insulin therapy, cardiazol). Abandonment and lack of assistance became a scenario due to the outstanding number of participants who had parasitosis, cachexia, malnutrition, anemia and a significant part of the analyzed medical records pointed to death as the outcome of hospitalization. Psychiatry played a leading role as a policy of intervention, with its knowledge-power, which focused on the individual and collective, with disciplinary and regulatory effects at a time that sought to constitute itself from a project of a modern, orderly nation, in full economic rise and began by excluding the undesirables. Conclusion: Psychiatric care for blacks at Hospício do Juquery was structured in racist, sexist, patriarchal and moralist paradigms. The practices were characterized by oppression, surveillance, violence, neglect, neglect, repression, reification and the outcome of death.