Navegando por Palavras-chave "Prefrontal Cortex"

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    Análise das áreas neurais envolvidas na tomada de decisão em ratos submetidos à ingestão crônica de álcool
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-03-14) Zangirolame, Carolline Marques Santos [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Drug dependence is a worldwide and frequent problem involving young people and adults, with alcohol being the drug most commonly used and associated with numerous social and health problems. However, not all people who drink alcohol become dependent. The transition from occasional use to dependence is influenced by positive and negative refluxes (relief of unpleasant symptoms such as stress or depression or withdrawal symptoms). Compulsive alcohol ingestion has been strongly associated with neurotransmission systems involved in reward (mainly dopaminergic) and stress response (mainly CRFergic) processes. Loss of control is attributed to a dysfunction of regions belonging to these two systems, the pre-frontal cortex, the hippocampus and the companion, which form the main circuit of decision making. This study aimed at analyzing the neural areas of superior control of the stress response and that are also associated with behavioral decision making (pre-frontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala) in Wistar rats submitted to chronic alcohol ingestion by the paradigm of two bottles and intermittent supply protocol. Animals of the control group and the alcohol group underwent the tests of labyrinth in elevated cross and open field to evaluate their anxiety state, by the test of decision making for behavioral evaluation of this task and after euthanasia of this animals was performed immunoreactivity to the protein ΔFosB, to analyze the level of neuronal activation of the areas associated to the decision making described above. The protocol of intermittent supply and oral administration of 20% alcohol to Wistar rats during the studied period (four weeks) did not promote a significant increase in the consumption pattern of the alcohol solution during the period, did not interfere in the weight or in the consumption of the feed. Also, this chronic consumption of alcoholic solution had no effect on anxiety and decision-making behaviors. Nevertheless, the immunoreactivity data to the DelaFosB protein showed that the animals that consumed the alcoholic solution showed hypoactivity in the area corresponding to the infra-limbic cortex, and hyperactivity in the central amygdala and the hippocampus CA3 area, demonstrating less activity in one Area of rational behavior control, and greater activity in an area associated with memory recruitment and in another area associated with impulsive decision making.
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    Investigação da herança intergeracional - via espermatozoides - de alterações na expressão de miRNAs relacionados a transtornos psiquiátricos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-09-30) Campagnoli, Gabriella Mesas [UNIFESP]; Teixeira, Taiza Stumpp [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Introduction: Epigenetics is identified as an important component of the inheritance of several conditions, among which “missing heritability”, such as schizophrenia, since the genetic aspects of this disorder do not explain its heritability. Besides, the fact that the environment is crucial for the manifestation and development of schizophrenia brings to light the importance of the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in this disorder. As schizophrenia is considered a developmental disorder, or the use of experimental models that allow investigating the development of this disorder from the early life is essential,especially with regard to respect for its molecular aspects. MiRNAs play an important role in neurogenesis, involved in behavioral changes and psychiatric disorders. Thus, an epigenetic analysis of brain regions and sperm can contribute to the understanding of epigenetic aspects involved in schizophrenia and specific about their epigenetic inheritance. Aims: To investigate the profile of miRNAs related to schizophrenia in sperm, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of SHR rats. Methods: Sperm miRNAs, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were extracted, quantified and reproduced in the construction of libraries for further sequencing. The captured data were used for bioinformatics and statistical analyzes, as well as an interactive analysis was carried out between differently expressed miRNAs and target genes through the Metascape and Cytoscape platforms. Results: We observed differential expression of miRNAs in the three types of tissue/cell. A bioinformatics analysis has shown that the vast majority of differently expressed miRNA target genes, both for sperm and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, are using the nervous system and its important pathways to relate to behavior, neurodevelopment and synaptic processes. Among the genes included, the miRNAs differently expressed, 12 coincide with the genes expressly expressed in patients with schizophrenia, or that reinforce SHR as a good model for the study of these disorders. Conclusion: the male rats of the SHR lineage show alterations in the expression of miRNAs related to neurological involvement and schizophrenia in sperm, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as the SHR model is useful for epigenetic studies and other molecular aspects related to schizophrenia. Finally, this study suggests that the SHR model may be useful for future studies on the epigenetic inheritance of miRNAs.