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    Single-dose aprepitant vs ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind Phase III trial in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2007-08-01) Diemunsch, P.; Gan, T. J.; Philip, E. K.; Girão, Manoel João Batista Castello [UNIFESP]; Eherharts, L.; Irwin, M. G.; Pueyo, J.; Chelly, J. E.; Carides, A. I.; Reiss, T.; Evans, J. K.; Lawson, F. C.; Aprepitant PONV Protocol 091 Study; CHU Strasbourg; Duke Univ; Brigham & Womens Hosp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Marburg; Univ Hong Kong; Univ Navarra Clin; Univ Pittsburgh; Merck Res Labs
    Background. the neurokinin(l) antagonist aprepitant is effective for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. We compared aprepitant with ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.Methods. Nine hundred and twenty-two patients receiving general anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery were assigned to receive a single preoperative dose of oral aprepitant 40 mg, oral aprepitant 125 mg, or i.v. ondansetron 4 mg in a randomized, double-blind trial. Vomiting episodes, use of rescue therapy, and nausea severity (verbal rating scale) were documented for 48 h after surgery. Primary efficacy endpoints were complete response (no vomiting and no use of rescue therapy) 0-24 h after surgery and no vomiting 0-24 h after surgery. the secondary endpoint was no vomiting 0-48 h after surgery.Results. Aprepitant at both doses was non-inferior to ondansetron for complete response 0-24 h after surgery (64% for aprepitant 40 mg, 63% for aprepitant 125 mg, and 55% for ondansetron, lower bound of 1-sided 95% CI > 0.65), superior to ondansetron for no vomiting 0-24 h after surgery (84% for aprepitant 40 mg, 86% for aprepitant 125 mg, and 71 % for ondansetron; P < 0.001), and superior for no vomiting 0-48 h after surgery (82% for aprepitant, 40 mg, 85% for aprepitant, 125 mg, and 66% for ondansetron; P < 0.001). the distribution of peak nausea scores was lower in both aprepitant groups vs ondansetron (P < 0.05).Conclusions. Aprepitant was non-inferior to ondansetron in achieving complete response for 24 h after surgery. Aprepitant was significantly more effective than ondansetron for preventing vomiting at 24 and 48 h after surgery, and in reducing nausea severity in the first 48 h after surgery. Aprepitant was generally well tolerated.