Navegando por Palavras-chave "Necrosis-Factor-Alpha"

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    The macrophage switch in obesity development
    (Pontificia Univ Catolica Sao Paulo, 2016) Castoldi, Angela; de Souza, Cristiane Naffah; Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva [UNIFESP]; Moraes-Vieira, Pedro Manoel
    Immune cell infiltration in (white) adipose tissue (AT) during obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance. In AT, the main population of leukocytes are macrophages. Macrophages can be classified into two major populations: M1, classically activated macrophages, and M2, alternatively activated macrophages, although recent studies have identified a broad range of macrophage subsets. During obesity, AT M1 macrophage numbers increase and correlate with AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Upon activation, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages induce aerobic glycolysis. By contrast, in lean humans and mice, the number of M2 macrophages predominates. M2 macrophages secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and utilize oxidative metabolism to maintain AT homeostasis. Here, we review the immunologic and metabolic functions of AT macrophages and their different facets in obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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    Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. I. Systemic Disease
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kohanim, Sahar; Palioura, Sotiria; Saeed, Hajirah N.; Akpek, Esen K.; Amescua, Guillermo; Basu, Sayan; Blomquist, Preston H.; Bouchard, Charles S.; Dart, John K.; Gai, Xiaowu; Gomes, Jose A. P. [UNIFESP]; Gregory, Darren G.; Iyer, Geetha; Jacobs, Deborah S.; Johnson, Anthony J.; Kinoshita, Shigeru; Mantagos, Iason S.; Mehta, Jodhbir S.; Perez, Victor L.; Pflugfelder, Stephen C.; Sangwan, Virender S.; Sippel, Kimberly C.; Sotozono, Chie; Srinivasan, Bhaskar; Tan, Donald T. H.; Tandon, Radhika; Tseng, Scheffer C. G.; Ueta, Mayumi; Chodosh, James
    The intent of this review is to comprehensively appraise the state of the art with regard to Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), with particular attention to the ocular surface complications and their management. SJS and TEN represent two ends of a spectrum of immune-mediated, dermatobullous disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. The widespread keratinocyte death seen in SJS/TEN is rapid and irreversible, and even with early and aggressive intervention, morbidity is severe and mortality not uncommon. We have divided this review into two parts. Part I summarizes the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of SJS/TEN and discusses systemic therapy and its possible benefits. We hope this review will help the ophthalmologist better understand the mechanisms of disease in SJS/TEN and enhance their care of patients with this complex and often debilitating disease. Part II (April 2016 issue) will focus on ophthalmic manifestations.
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    Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. I. Systemic Disease
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kohanim, Sahar; Palioura, Sotiria; Saeed, Hajirah N.; Akpek, Esen K.; Amescua, Guillermo; Basu, Sayan; Blomquist, Preston H.; Bouchard, Charles S.; Dart, John K.; Gai, Xiaowu; Gomes, José Álvaro Pereira [UNIFESP]; Gregory, Darren G.; Iyer, Geetha; Jacobs, Deborah S.; Johnson, Anthony J.; Kinoshita, Shigeru; Mantagos, Iason S.; Mehta, Jodhbir S.; Perez, Victor L.; Pflugfelder, Stephen C.; Sangwan, Virender S.; Sippel, Kimberly C.; Sotozono, Chie; Srinivasan, Bhaskar; Tan, Donald T. H.; Tandon, Radhika; Tseng, Scheffer C. G.; Ueta, Mayumi; Chodosh, James; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The intent of this review is to comprehensively appraise the state of the art with regard to Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), with particular attention to the ocular surface complications and their management. SJS and TEN represent two ends of a spectrum of immune-mediated, dermatobullous disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. The widespread keratinocyte death seen in SJS/TEN is rapid and irreversible, and even with early and aggressive intervention, morbidity is severe and mortality not uncommon. We have divided this review into two parts. Part I summarizes the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of SJS/TEN and discusses systemic therapy and its possible benefits. We hope this review will help the ophthalmologist better understand the mechanisms of disease in SJS/TEN and enhance their care of patients with this complex and often debilitating disease. Part II (April 2016 issue) will focus on ophthalmic manifestations.