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    O CONCEITO DE HARMONIA GERAL EM LEIBNIZ A PARTIR DO DISCURSO DE METAFÍSICA
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-05-25) Oliveira, Luis Claudio Gomes de [UNIFESP]; Andrade, Fernando Dias [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3185213643144135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2456034578203098
    This dissertation aims to investigate the importance of general harmony in Leibniz's philosophy. This theme runs through the author's entire work, becoming a key element for understanding his philosophy. In a practical manner, the concept of general harmony discussed in this dissertation is comprehended in Discourse on Metaphysics and in his correspondence with Arnauld. In these texts, Leibniz introduces his concept of general harmony and develops it from the discussions that interested him in the 1680s. The theme is one of the most sensitive in Leibnizian philosophy, as it almost always contrasts with our most immediate experiences about the world. Claiming that all things are in an ideal state, when compared to the general order, could seem like an attempt to justify the existence of evil in the world. At best, this idea would sound like a naive optimism that denies the adversities and calamities that affect humankind. Hence the importance of a clearer understanding of the idea of harmony, and thinking to what extent it should be understood in a broader sense, going beyond merely personal experiences. Through it we must distinguish a more subjective conception of reality from that which seeks to know the truth devoid of particular passions or reasons. This dissertation text also proposes to understand the relationships between the general model of harmony and the concept of individual substance. Both themes appear, in the above-mentioned writings, as fundamental for the development of Leibniz's philosophy. The research carried out treats the subject of individual substance as deduced from the model of general harmony. It is from this complex system, which includes all things created by God, that this dissertation will aim to define the position occupied by the individual in Leibniz's worldview.