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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efeitos da suplementação dietética com farinha de banana verde na doença renal crônica experimental(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-09-26) Matheus, Marco Aurelio Costa [UNIFESP]; Silva Filho, Alvaro Pacheco e [UNIFESP]; Watanabe, Ingrid Kazue Mizuno [UNIFESP]; Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2356906083154718; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8098379714093877; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8193738163713646; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5173436523722394; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: Changes in food and social behavior in populations of industrialized countries have led to the emergence of chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), considered to be poor in the 21st century, mainly due to its asymptomatic onset and deleterious evolution. Increased diligence for a healthier life, especially with increasing access to information, leads individuals to greater understanding of the importance of a balanced and functional diet in order to have a better quality of life and to mitigate the possibility of the result of lifestyle. In addition, subjects who already have, for example, CKDs and have dietary restrictions, can gain access to a wider range of foods that, in addition to nutritional value, will interfere in order to compensate for the progression of the disease. Objective: To demonstrate the efficiency of resistant starch present in green banana meal as a therapeutic adjunct in experimental chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: C57BL / 6 mice from 6 weeks of life were subdivided into 4 groups: SHAM not supplemented, SHAM supplemented, chronic non-supplemented kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease supplemented. The animals were supplemented with green banana meal in the proportion of 10% of the total diet, containing 5g of resistant starch added to feed for 4 weeks. The animals were weighed weekly for monitoring of weight gain and 24 hours after surgery for weight loss analysis. Urine and feces were collected every week. In the third week, the animals underwent unilateral ureter obstruction surgery to cause renal damage, mimicking a CKD picture. One week after surgery, the animals were euthanized and collected: blood, kidney, urine from the renal pelvis, epididymal fat, large intestine and feces. Biochemical analyzes were performed for creatinine and urine and serum urea, albuminuria by ELISA and electrophoresis. Picrosírius of histological sections of kidney to evaluate the collagen deposition in the interstitium of renal tissue, immunohistochemistry to evaluate the proliferation of fibroblasts. We also carried out analyzes by fluorescence in situ hybridization in a CONFOCAL microscope to analyze the mucus layer and to determine the relationship between bacteroidetes and firmicutes. Short chain fatty acids were dosed in the faeces to quantify each type. Indirect calorimetry was measured in the third week to measure the metabolic patterns of the animals. Results: Regarding the weighing of the animals, the groups did not present differences in weight gain, only in weight loss after surgical procedure where supplemented animals were less affected. The weight of the epididymal fat did not present statistical difference, however, it showed a slight tendency to lower values in the supplemented animals. The relation body weight x epididymal fat also did not represent statistically significant alterations. Urinary creatinine showed a marked increase in the operated animals, with a small decrease in the animals with chronic renal disease and supplemented. Serum urea in the groups remained similar to each other, except for the supplemented control group that obtained a slight decrease. When we evaluated serum creatinine, the supplemented groups represented higher values in the groups with chronic and control renal disease. In the albuminuria test, the control groups represented values much lower than the chronic kidney patients. In the group with renal disease, the supplemented animals represented a small tendency to decrease, without statistical significance. When analyzing picrosirius, we observed that the supplemented animals had lower deposition of collagen in renal tissue, indicating that these animals were more protected than those not supplemented. In the immunohistochemistry analysis the stained slides for FSP1 demonstrated that the supplemented animals had smaller numbers of fibroblasts in the renal tissue studied. The mucus layer analysis in the animals that had dietary supplementation obtained greater thicknesses in the layers of intestinal mucus than the non-supplemented ones, indicating that the banana flour promoted benefits for these animals. The relation bacteroidetes and firmicutes was also analyzed and the genus of bacteroidetes bacteria was predominant in the supplemented animals, whereas firmicutes, was expressive in animals that consumed the ration without supplementation. The short chain fatty acids showed a significant increase, mainly for acetate followed by butyrate in the supplemented animals, indicating that these animals had greater access to these short chain fatty acids. Indirect calorimetry indicated that the animals that were supplemented had a higher basal metabolic rate, so they took better advantage of the energy released by the supplemented feed. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with green banana flour promoted several benefits, both for intestinal microbiota and for the kidney in animals with chronic renal disease induced, showing a promising therapeutic adjuvant for this type of disease.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Influência Do Coacervado De Proteínas Do Soro Do Leite E Galactooligossacarídeo Na Resposta Inflamatória, Perfil Dos Fosfolipídeos E Microbiota Intestinal Em Camundongos Com Obesidade Induzida Por Dieta(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-07-12) Amaral, Juliane Suzuki [UNIFESP]; Esposito, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Whey protein products such as Coacervate whey protein (Coa), galactooligosaccharide (Gos) and both associated (COAG) were tested in mice fed with a high fat diet to verify changes on enterocyte structural lipid profile, inflammation and intestinal microbiota composition during obesity. Males C57BL/6 were fed normolipid and high fat diets, divided into five experimental groups: 1) Normolipid control (Nwater), 2) High fat control (HFwater), 3) High fat + Coa (HFCoa), 4) High fat + Gos (HFGos) and 5) High fat Coa + Gos (HFCOAG), for 16 weeks treatment. Stool samples were collected at the end of the experiment and frozen in cryotubes for metagenomic analysis. The intestine was divided in: duodenum, cecum and colon, frozen in cryotubes until the processing data for cytokine dosage, evaluation of TLR4 protein and the main classes of fatty acid profile: phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM). The biometric data showed that HFCoa and HFCOAG groups maintained the same body mass gain as normolipid control, but only HFCOAG decreased adiposity and energy efficiency compared HFwater. The different diets changed the gut microbiota. Among treatments, the composition of the HFCOAG gut microbiota was closer to normolipid control group showing high percentages of dissimilarity for healthy state bacteria such as Lachnospiracea and Porphyromonas and the taxon RF39 as microbial signature. HFCoa group showed the best anti-inflamatory activity in the cecum (IL / 10 / TNFα). HFGos group decreased IL-1β with concomitant high levels of IFNγ, which correlated positively with Bilophila genus suggesting an influence of this taxon on IFNγ production. The percentage of vaccenic acid (18: 1n7) in the SM class of colon membrane increased in all treatments showing its possible relation with lipid raft instability on TLR4 activation. TLR4 receptors showed no difference in its expression, but changes on its activation is inferred since a decrease of the IL-6 was observed in this tissue. HFCOAG treatment increased vaccenic and myristoleic acid (14: 1n9) in SM class demonstrating correlations with an improvement of anti-inflammatory activity in colon. The increase of vaccenic acid was correlated to the Mogibacteriacea taxon. HFGos treatment increased palmitoleic acid (16: 1n7) in PC class, which was negatively correlated with an anti-inflammatory activity in colon. In general, there was a clear diet influence that directly promotes changes in gut microbiota profile and alters metabolic response during obesity as consequence. COAG showed the best preventive response among treatments in this research, but more studies are necessary to evaluate other metabolic aspects in different tissues and on the development of this compound that may be used as a prophylactic against obesity in the future.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Modulação probiótica no tratamento da doença celíaca(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-07-07) Magalhães, Larissa de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Claudia Cristina Alves [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3199500117313184; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6251319265040626; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introdução: A doença celíaca (DC) é uma enteropatia autoimune desencadeada pela ingestão do glúten. Muito embora o glúten seja o gatilho, estudos mostram que a microbiota intestinal está relacionada à patogênese, visto que o microbioma está associado ao início e manutenção da inflamação intestinal de múltiplas doenças crônicas. Metodologia: o presente trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, na qual a base de dados foi o PubMed, através das buscas das palavras chaves “Celiac disease”, “Gut microbiota”, “Probiotics”, “Celiac disease and probiotics” e “Celiac disease and gut microbiota”. Foram definidos os critérios de elegibilidade e, em seguida, foram analisados os títulos e resumos dos artigos. Desenvolvimento e Conclusão: Atualmente, a dieta isenta de glúten é a única forma de terapia. A disbiose foi observada em vários pacientes com a DC com ou sem tratamento, porém não está claro se ela é a causa ou o efeito da doença. Os probióticos possuem função simbiótica com seu hospedeiro e podem ser considerados uma estratégia terapêutica para modular a microbiota intestinal priorizando o estado anti-inflamatório. No entanto, ainda necessitam ser esclarecidos os efeitos da ação probiótica em indivíduos com DC.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosRelação Entre As Dimensõesdo Timo Fetal E Os Marcadores Ultrassonográficos Cervicais De Risco Para Parto Pré-Termo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-09-28) Hamamoto, Tatiana Emy Nishimoto Kawanami [UNIFESP]; Moron, Antonio Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the major endocrine pathology in pregnancy, is associated with maternal and fetal complications. The maternal gut microbiota participates in several functions in the metabolism, however the microbial pattern of pregnant women and its relationship with the development of GDM remains unclear. Method: This cross-sectional study recruited pregnant women with and without GDM in the third trimester and non-pregnant women. Serum levels of Fetuin-A and sCD14 were assessed, and fecal samples were collected for analysis of gut microbiota. Serum concentrations of Fetuin-A and sCD14 were measured by ELISA, and stool samples were evaluated by next-generation sequencing. Results: 80 participants were included, being 18 non-pregnant women, 39 healthy pregnant women and 23 patients with GDM. Comparing the groups to each other it was observed that Fetuin-A serum levels were higher in the gestational group, whereas sCD14 values were significantly higher in non-pregnant women. The analysis of the gut microbiota did not present significant differences in phyla and genus among the studied groups, whereas the GDM group presented greater richness and diversity in the alpha diversity indexes. Conclusion: This study showed that there is a trend towards an eubiotic microbiota in the non-pregnant women, and an increase of microbial diversity in the groups of pregnant women with and without GDM, who presented a similar composition through the analysis.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosSuplementação de juçara (euterpe edulis mart.) Na remodelação da microbiota intestinal, dos parâmetros metabólicos e do estado inflamatório na obesidade(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-08-28) Gois, Giovana Jamar De Queiroz [UNIFESP]; Pisani, Luciana Pellegrini [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: The evidence that the gut microbiota composition may differ between healthy and obese individuals has raised interest in understanding the role of it as an intermediary factor between dietary habits and the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities. Polyphenols-rich fruits and unsaturated fatty acids can reach both obesity and local and systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, besides manipulate bacterial community, improving metabolic functions in humans and animal models of obesity. In this sense, juçara has been considered a "superfruit" due to its nutritional composition and relevant biological activities with interesting response in animals. However, the contribution of this fruit to human physiology remains unknown. Aim: To analyze the effects of juçara supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory parameters, on the composition of gut bacterial species and on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in obesity. Methods: This double-blind randomized trial enrolled 35 obese subjects (body mass index - BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m2) of both sexes aged 31-59 years. They were evaluated for resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry); anthropometry (weight, height, BMI, neck and waist circumferences, and waist-toheight ratio); body composition (bioimpedance); blood pressure; food intake (3-day food record); metabolic parameters (TAG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, glucose, insulin, and LPS); inflammatory markers (PAI-1, leptin and adiponectin); gut bacteria (qPCR); fecal SCFA (gas chromatography). Subsequently, they were randomized into 2 groups for use or not (placebo) of supplementation with 5 g dry juçara for 6 weeks and reassessed. Results: In metabolism, juçara supplementation was effective in reducing body fat (p = 0.051) and increasing HDL-c (p = 0.046), in addition to doubling serum adiponectin concentration (p = 0.048). Supplementation, HDL-c and neck circumference were predictors for explaining adiponectin increase, regardless of age, gender and body composition. The rise of HDL-c (β = 0.527) favored better adiponectin levels, and supplementation (r2 = 0.477) was crucial for these results. In the intestinal microbiota, there was a significant increase in acetate (g = 0.809; p = 0.038) and in relative abundance of A. muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp. and C. coccoides in response to juçara supplementation (239.6%, 182.6% and 214%, respectively), with emphasis on the bifidogenic effect as a mediator for stool acetate production (z = 2.925; p = 0.003); showing the prebiotic potential of juçara from the adjustment for total fiber intake. All xresults were independent of food intake. Conclusion: Juçara showed antiinflammatory properties and prebiotic function, contributing to the balance of intestinal microbiota. This supplementation can be considered a new strategy for treating obesity.