Navegando por Palavras-chave "Juvenile delinquency"

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    Exposure to violence in incarcerated youth from the city of São Paulo
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2011-09-01) Huculak, Susan; McLennan, John D.; Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos [UNIFESP]; University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine Department of Community Health Sciences; University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine Departments of Community Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Pediatrics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the extent of exposure to community violence among delinquent Brazilian youth in the 12-month period prior to their incarceration and to identify factors associated with this exposure. METHOD: With an oversampling of girls, a cross-section of youth under 18 years of age from juvenile detention units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil completed a structured interview. Key items related to exposure to violence (witnessed and experienced) were drawn from the Social and Health Assessment questionnaire to cover the 12-month period prior to incarceration. RESULTS: Participants (n = 325, 89% boys) reported high rates of exposure to violence with largely similar levels for boys and girls. Being threatened with physical harm, being beaten or mugged and/ or shot at were the most common forms of violence experienced. After controlling for demographic and family variables, the fact of having peers involved in risk behavior, easy access to guns and previous involvement with the justice system were associated with witnessed violence; whereas having slept on the street was the only variable associated with experienced violence. CONCLUSION: This group of youth was exposed to high levels of violence and other adverse experiences. Future research should examine the effectiveness of strategies aimed at reducing the exposure to violence of high-risk youth.
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    Surface dental enamel lead levels and antisocial behavior in Brazilian adolescents
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-03-01) Olympio, Kelly P. K.; Oliveira, Pedro V.; Naozuka, Juliana; Cardoso, Maria R. A.; Marques, Antonio F.; Guenther, Wanda M. R.; Bechara, Etelvino J. H. [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Lead poisoning has been reportedly linked to a high risk of learning disabilities, aggression and criminal offenses. To study the association between lead exposure and antisocial/delinquent behavior, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 173 Brazilian youths aged 14-18 and their parents (n=93), living in impoverished neighborhoods of Bauru-SP, with high criminality indices. Self-Reported Delinquency (SRD) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) questionnaires were used to evaluate delinquent/antisocial behavior. Body lead burdens were evaluated in surface dental enamel acid microbiopsies. the dental enamel lead levels (DELL) were quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and phosphorus content was measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between DELL and each scale defined by CBCL and SRD scores. Odd ratios adjusted for familial and social covariates, considering a group of youths exposed to high lead levels (>= 75 percentile), indicated that high DELL is associated with increased risk of exceeding the clinical score for somatic complaints, social problems, rule-breaking behavior and externalizing problems (Cl 95%). High DELL was not found to be associated with elevated SRD scores. in conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that high-level lead exposure can trigger antisocial behavior, which calls for public policies to prevent lead poisoning. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.