Navegando por Palavras-chave "Informality"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Entre o comércio informal e as margens do ilegal: práticas de trabalho na Rua 25 de Março(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-08-26) Aguiar, Ana Lidia de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, José Lindomar Coelho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The 25th March Street in Sao Paulo City can be comprehended from the relation of several formal and informal jobs, unregulated and illegal markets present in a daily basis. At this street goods and actors circulate and compose an extensive and complex trading network. This requires taking different ways to organize and to deal with the many situations which met in this urban space. The multiple form of jobs presented in the street accessing the field of informal economy dictates, often through illegal practices for the acquisition and sale of goods. In this scenario of informalities and frequent illegalities, workers face a conflict situation in their performance, acting through tactics and cleverness against numerous social and institutional actors, especially in areas were the State is concerned. By this means, workers socialize with their peers, creating strategies to work in advance the intense scrutiny. These actors develop processes of identity and production, highlighting a perception of differences by workers of the street that are configured on the intersections and tensions between them, in relation to formal and illegal markets, and finally the State. As a result, I looked for understanding how these processes were dealt with by agents and scales of government towards new urban projects that are often played through repression and surveillance.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosProdução capitalista e o trabalho informal: uma análise do papel das catadoras e dos catadores de materiais recicláveis na valorização do capital da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem.(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-10-07) Brito, Carolina Michelle [UNIFESP]; Diniz, Tânia Maria Ramos de Godoi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This research consists of a theoretical study, which, when investigating the character of the precariousness of the work of collecting recyclable materials, presents the purpose of analyzing how the reproduction of the pauperization of the living conditions of the collectors of recyclable materials, guarantee the mechanisms of exploration and accumulation in the recycling chain. In Brazil, the recycling production chain is made up of several agents, such as recyclable waste pickers, scrap yards, middlemen, prefectures, recycling and manufacturing industries and so on, which collect, process and reinsert the materials in capitalist production. Currently, it is estimated that the activity concentrates a contingent of 400 thousand to 600 thousand workers throughout the Brazilian national territory. Then, we opted for the investigative line that includes the work of collecting recyclable materialsas a capitalist activity and garbage as a commodity in the production circuit. In Brazil, the situation of precariousness and labor informality of collectors is a fundamental part of the process of capitalist accumulation in the productive chain of recycling.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Retratos da informalidade: a fragilidade dos sistemas de proteção social em momentos de infortúnio(ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2011-03-01) Cockell, Fernanda Flávia [UNIFESP]; Perticarrari, Daniel; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de São CarlosThe research has as the objective to study the strategies and social networks used by informal workers in misfortune situations. We interviewed sixteen workers of the buildings' construction sector of São Carlos (São Paulo, Brazil). We tried to understand how they deal with working capacity reduction inside a precariousness context and how they perceive these situations. The qualitative analysis shows that most of them have financial difficulties to acquire private forms of protection. We could infer that informal social networks are essential for them deal to periods of working incapacity. Moreover the nuclear and extended family supports and religious networks are predominating.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Urban Wage Premium in Brazil: new evidence about informality and gender(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-07-07) Almeida, Eloiza Regina Ferreira De [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Veneziano De Castro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São PauloThe urban wage premium (UWP) is the positive wage differential in dense geographical areas. Its analysis is heavily founded on the observation that, everything held constant, wages are higher in more populated areas, that is, denser places pay higher salaries. It is quite frequent, to identify the UWP using administrative registers filled by firms, restricting the analysis to male workers (even if women’s data are available) with a formal contract. This is a issue for Brazil because informal workers have non-despicable participation in the workforce. Besides, a reduced number of studies focus on analyzing and identifying female UWP. This dissertation proposes to evaluate if and when that groups of workers benefit differently from the agglomeration effects, by including the UWP estimation for informal workers and women, and by focuses on a developing country. We address this investigation by analyzing Brazilian labor market using the Continuous Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNADC), a comprehensive longitudinal database that covers the period from 2012 Q1 to 2019 Q3, which allows the analysis of the heterogeneity of the formality status and many other intra-group characteristics, including gender. Chapter 2 focus on male UWP and its contribution rely on closing some literature gaps and enriching the UWP assessment. The results show that previous UWP studies underestimate the UWP for the whole labor market since formal workers UWP is half of the informal ones, and both sectors show a non-homogeneous UWP according to agglomeration levels, with different patterns. An evidence that disregarding these groups of workers hides the complexity inherent of their insertion in the large urban labor markets. In its turn, Chapter 3 contributes to the traditional UWP literature by investigating a neglected group of workers—the women—and concentrating on individual characteristics such as the position at the household, the marital status, and the presence of children, besides the formality status, for which, to our knowledge, no attempt to female UWP estimation was performed. Additionally, it empirically contributes to UWP literature by estimating and correcting the sample selection bias, related to the participation in the labor market, which is particularly relevant to female workers, and by use quantile regressions to identify whether the magnitude of UWP is different throughout the distribution of wages. Therefore, the main conclusion indicates that the previous UWP results are underestimated, since female workers are neglected. Also, the UWP could be over or underestimated for women and men if the wage distribution is disregarded. We find strong evidence that the agglomeration effects do not benefits the workers equally and a higher female UWP can also be attributable to the changes in female labor market composition. Denser areas tend to be more favorable to women and informal workers.