Navegando por Palavras-chave "Hydropower"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Análise da metodologia de avaliação de impacto à saúde no Brasil com enfoque a grandes empreendimentos e políticas públicas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-04-24) Abe, Karina Camasmie [UNIFESP]; Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri [UNIFESP]; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5450805572417395; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6423311971848669; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8719750781707977; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a methodology standardized by the World Health Organization, which aims to insert the health sector in the development of strategies and public enterprises and policies planning, favoring decision-making and better resources allocation and capital investment. Objectives: This work aimed to analyze the AIS methodology applicability, contextualizing into the Brazilian environment and applying it to two case studies, one of which is the analysis of a public policy, in this case, the Pollution Control Program (PROCONVE) and the other, the analysis of large enterprises, in this case, the Rondônia hydroelectric plants, located on the Madeira River. Methods: A narrative review was conducted in order to evaluate the AIS methodology applicability in Brazil. The methodology used in the PROCONVE case study was descriptive analysis, generalized Poisson linear regression, relative risk and economic valuation through DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years). The study site was the municipality of São Paulo between 2000 and 2011, analyzing the association between air pollutants and outcomes in morbidity and cardiorespiratory mortality. The second study addressed the impacts of the construction of two hydroelectric dams on the Madeira River, and a bibliographic review was carried out to build a network of impacts. In order to apply HIA for the characterization of one of the impacts identified in the network, descriptive analysis, segmented regression and economic analysis of the defensive costs for the health system due to the incidence of dengue were conducted. Results: The main results of the PROCONVE case study included associations between pollutants and health outcomes, particulate matter (PM) associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. In addition to the mortality result, most of the pollutants showed a downward trend throughout the study period. The application of HIA in the predictive scenarios showed the importance of reducing pollutant concentrations to obtain years of life and financial resources. According to the assessment, air pollution was responsible for a cost of over US $ 3 billion in the analyzed period, only due to cardiorespiratory mortality. In relation to the results of the hydroelectric study, it was possible to determine an association between the beginning of the construction of the projects and the increase of dengue incidence in the State of Rondônia, which tripled health expenditures for this disease, reaching an annual average of R $ 22 , 4 million in the period after the beginning of the works. Conclusion: 21 The application of HIA for both case studies has proved to be an organized, standardized and transparent way of assessing the effects of both a public policy and a major infrastructure project. For the case study of PROCONVE, it is suggested the immediate revision of the air quality standards in Brazil, while for the study of hydroelectric plants, it is suggested the insertion of HIA in the environmental licensing. Based on the analysis of the application of HIA for both studies, the institutionalization of this methodology, considering Brazilian environment peculiarities, contextualizing it to the local population groups, the availability of reliable data and with the intention of promoting a Relationship between stakeholders and decision makers.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Tecnologias de geração de energia elétrica em tubulação hidráulica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-01-17) Patrocínio, Marco Aurélio Carius [UNIFESP]; Sakurai, Cledson Akio [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1944141304162246; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8312550965672951; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A energia hidrelétrica gerada por pequenas turbinas pode vir a ser uma forma eficiente e confiável de geração de energia renovável. Neste trabalho nós buscamos estudar um sistema que venha a produzir energia elétrica utilizando microturbinas, visando instalá-las nas tubulações de fornecimento de água das residências, para que, através da energia cinética que existe neste fluxo de água, a(s) microturbina(s) possam ser acionadas gerando assim energia que será armazenada adequadamente para uso. Com este trabalho também temos o intuito de mostrar que seria possível utilizar este tipo de microturbina(s) para outros sistemas, tais quais em adutoras ou até em corpos d’água, podendo o equipamento utilizado ser adaptado ao tamanho do projeto que ele for destinado, sempre buscando um mínimo impacto ambiental no ecossistema local.