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    Potencial ligninolítico de fungos de três ambientes brasileiros: Manguezal, Cerrado e Caatinga
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Martinho, Vivian [UNIFESP]; Vasconcellos, Suzan Pantaroto de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Filamentous fungi have abilities to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, including enzymes with multiple biotechnological applications. In this context, ligninases stand out, which could be explored richly in terms of application in industries that use plant biomass as a raw material, such as biofuels production, reducing the greenhouse gas emission and climate changes. This study was performed in bioprospecting by fungal isolates from mangrove, cerrado and caatinga collections with potential ligninolytic activity, thinking about the search for an optimized and sustainable production of biofuels, using viable technologies and reuse of vegetable biomass. Thus, the filamentous fungi were quantitatively related to ligninase activities, with an emphasis on Lignin Peroxidases (LiP), Manganese Peroxidases (MnP) and Lacases (Lac), making use spectrophotometric techniques. Statistical analyzes were used to compare the average activities in relation to each studied environment. LiP activities were highlighted in relation to the other enzymes, and the results obtained were selected to the performed of the Design of Experiments (DOE) on three different levels of the factors: sodium chloride concentration (NaCl), pH and temperature. Therefore, the isolates 63.1 – Fusarium sp. (mangrove), LRA 9 (cerrado), and FE 120 (caatinga), were selected for the analysis of the optimization of the reaction variables LiP activities employing the DOE, using the software R. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to identify the effects of factors on LiP activities. The correlation of the predicted and observed data, as well as the analysis of residues, were performed to check the adequacy of the models. Moreover, response surfaces and contour profiles (2D) were generated. The largest activities of LiP and Lac were from the isolate 63.1 – Fusarium sp., with 101.9 and 41.5 U/L, respectively. And the largest activity of MnP was 11.4 U/L, of the isolate LFO 3 – Phlebiopsis sp. Analyzing the results of Design of Experiments, it was observed that all models showed a good quality of fit and a good correlation between the data predicted by models and observed experimentally. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) found were: 0.9471 (63.1 – Fusarium sp.), 0.8792 (LRA 9) and 0.9674 (FE 120). In addition, it was possible to verify that, at the significance level of 0.05, all factors had a significant influence on the LiP activities, for the mangrove and caatinga isolates, the NaCl concentration did not show any xii significant influence for the cerrado isolate. It is concluded that the present study brought relevant data regarding the selection of filamentous fungi, from different environments, with ligninolytic enzymes abilities comparable to the reference literature, whose results could be optimized by statistical analyses that will significantly contribute to the possible future application of such strains in the optimization of the vegetable biomass processing chain to increase the production of biofuels.