Navegando por Palavras-chave "Escape"

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    Avaliação do risco de invasão de espécies não-nativas e caracterização histopatológica de peixes da Bacia do Alto Tietê SP, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-13) Valle, Amanda de Azevedo [UNIFESP]; Azevedo, Juliana de Souza [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9196997953777495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4661034322104934
    The introduction of species is a global problem. In the context of aquaculture, introductions into watersheds located in urbanized areas deserve special attention. Although the dangers of this introduction are recognized, there is still a significant lack of studies on invasions in urbanized reservoirs. In this context, this research aimed to assess the risk of invasion by non-native freshwater species in the Alto Tietê Hydrographic Basin (BH-AT), kept in fishing grounds in the extreme south of São Paulo. The risk of invasion was assessed using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) software version 2.3, a protocol for deciding on the impact of invasive species. The categorization covers 1) Biogeography/History; 2) Biology/Ecology; and 3) Climate Change, to provide quantitative results. The risk of invasion was categorized in the Basic Risk Assessment (BRA) scenario and the risk scenario associated with Climate Change (BRA+CCA), as follows for the BRA scenario: <1 = low risk of invasion; 1 - 21.9 = medium risk; >21.9 = high risk. In turn, perception data was obtained from interventions in the field, using a semi-structured form and through the collection of secondary bio-ecological data. In addition, the health of the fish was checked through histopathological evaluation of the liver tissue of Oreochromis niloticus, a species commonly found in all fishing grounds in the region. About the invasion potential for the Basic Risk Assessment, medium invasive potential was found for Cyphochrax modestus (BRA = 5), Astyanax fasciatus (BRA = 10), Hypostomus ancistroides (BRA = 18), Geophagus brasiliensis (BRA = 21) and Hoplias malabaricus (BRA = 21) and high invasive potential for Colossoma macropomum (BRA = 22), Rhamdia quelen (BRA = 28), Synbranchus marmoratus (BRA = 28), Piaractus mesopotamicus (BRA = 29), Crenicichla lenticulata (BRA = 31), Oreochromis niloticus (BRA = 31), Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (BRA = 35), Salminus sp. (BRA = 35), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (BRA = 37), Copton rendalli (BRA = 37), Cyprinus carpio (BRA = 45) and Clarias gariepinus (BRA = 59). In addition, data indicates that the species cultivated are likely to come from inland farms in the municipalities of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. In this sense, the compilation of data, together with the risk assessment, indicates that the fishing grounds of the BH-AT are potential dispersers of exotic, potentially invasive species.
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    Dorsomedial hypothalamus serotonin 1A receptors mediate a panic-related response in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2014-10-01) Nascimento, Juliana Olivetti Guzman [UNIFESP]; Kikuchi, Leticia Sumiko [UNIFESP]; Bortoli, Valquiria Camin de; Zangrossi, Helio; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Espirito Santo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has long been associated with the regulation of escape, a panicrelated defensive response. Previous evidence has shown that the activation of serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 2A receptors impairs escape behavior induced by the electrical stimulation of the same region. in this study we further explore the relationship of the DMH with defense by investigating the effects of 5-HT1A activation on escape behavior generated in male Wistar rats by an ethologically based aversive stimuli, exposure to one of the open arms of the elevated T-maze (ETM). Aside from escape, the ETM also allows the measurement of inhibitory avoidance, a defensive response associated with generalized anxiety disorder. To evaluate locomotor activity, after ETM measurements animals were submitted to an open field. Results showed that intra-DMH administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT inhibited escape expression. Local administration of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 by its own was ineffective, but blocked the panicolytic-like effect of 8-OH-DPAT. Chronic (21 days) systemic treatment with imipramine potentiated the anti-escape effect of 8-OH-DPAT. No significant effects of treatment with 8-OH-DPAT or imipramine on avoidance latencies or the number of lines crossed in the open field were found: These results indicate that 5-HT1A receptors within the DMH may play a phasic inhibitory role on ETM escape expression. As previously proposed, facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in the DMH may be involved in the mechanism of action of anti-panic compounds. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of medial amygdala inactivation on a panic-related behavior
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-09-25) Herdade, Karina Costa Paes; Strauss, Christiana Villela de Andrade; Zangrossi Junior, Helio; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Pontificia Univ Catolica
    In the last years, the role played by the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA) in the modulation of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors has been increasingly investigated. This nucleus plays an important role in the processing of predator odor-induced defensive reactions, i.e. freezing and risk-assessment behaviors. Immunohistochemical evidence also indicates that the MeA may be involved in the regulation of escape, a defensive behavior related to panic attacks. in this study, we further addressed this question by investigating the effects of the reversible inactivation of the nucleus on escape behavior generated in male Wistar rats by two different aversive stimuli, electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG) and exposure to one of the open arms of the elevated T-maze. Results showed that intra-MeA administration of either the reversible sodium channel blocker lidocaine (34 nmol/0.2 mu l) or the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (0.22 nmol/0.2 mu l) raised the threshold of aversive electrical stimulation, increasing the amount of current that applied to the dPAG evokes escape, an antiaversive effect. Local microinjection of muscimol (0.22 nmol/0.2 mu l) inhibited escape behavior in the elevated T-maze, also suggesting an antiaversive effect. in this latter test, muscimol did not affect inhibitory avoidance, a behavior associated with generalized anxiety disorder. Muscimol effect in the elevated T-maze was independent of changes in general exploratory activity as measured in an open-field. Taken together, our data corroborate previous evidences suggesting that the MeA is involved in the modulation of escape. Dysfunction of this regulatory mechanism may be of relevance in the genesis/maintenance of panic disorder. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    GABA/benzodiazepine receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus regulate both anxiety and panic-related defensive responses in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-09-14) Bueno, Cintia Heloina; Zangrossi Junior, Helio; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    It has been shown that facilitation of GABA-mediated neurotransmission in the medial nucleus of the amygdala and the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) inhibits the escape, but not the inhibitory avoidance response generated in the elevated T-maze test of anxiety (ETM). These defensive behaviors have been associated with panic and generalized anxiety, respectively. Previous evidence indicates that the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHdm), which is interconnected with these two brain areas, is also part of the neurobiological substrate controlling escape behavior. in the present study, we investigated in male Wistar rats whether the intra-VMHdm injection of GABA-modulating drugs differently affect the two defensive tasks measured in the ETNI. the results showed that the microinjection of the benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist midazolam (10, 20 and 40 nmol), the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (2, 4 and 8 nmol) or the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen (2, 4 and 8 nmol) impaired inhibitory avoidance and escape performance, an anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effect, respectively. On the other hand, local administration of the BZD inverse agonist FG 7142 (20, 40 and 80 pmol) facilitated both behaviors, suggesting anxiogenic and panicogenic-like effects. These results were not due to motor alterations, since the drugs did not affect exploratory behavior in an open field. the data suggest that GABA(A)/BZD and GABAB receptors within the VMHdm are involved not only in the control of panic-related, but also of anxiety-related behaviors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved.
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    Potencial invasor de espécies de peixes cultivadas em pesqueiros da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeira de Iguape e Litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo (SP, Brasil)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-07-22) Quintino, Julia Giacomett [UNIFESP]; Azevedo, Juliana de Souza [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9196997953777495
    A distribuição de espécies no mundo vem se modificando em taxas cada vez mais crescentes. A introdução de espécies não nativas, por exemplo, é considerada atualmente como uma das principais causas de extinção no planeta, podendo resultar em efeitos extremamente prejudiciais ao funcionamento do ecossistema e à composição da fauna endêmica. Os ecossistemas aquáticos estão sujeitos a alto risco de invasão, e estudos acerca dos impactos quanto a introdução de espécies exóticas exercem papel de extrema importância no âmbito da ictiofauna nativa. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo buscou identificar e avaliar o potencial de introdução de espécies, mantidas em empreendimentos do tipo pesqueiros presentes na Bacia Hidrográfica Ribeira de Iguape e Litoral Sul, SP, Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão na literatura científica a fim de compilar os dados bioecológicos e biogeográficos disponíveis acerca das espécies de peixes mais representativas nestes estabelecimentos. A partir destes dados, para cada espécie, foi aplicado o protocolo de avaliação de risco Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK). No AS-ISK, os dados foram analisados a partir de um sistema de avaliação composto por 55 perguntas agrupadas em três categorias distintas: 1) Biogeografia/Histórico invasor; 2) Biologia/Ecologia e 3) Alterações climáticas. Com as pontuações obtidas, o risco de invasão foi categorizado quanto a Avaliação Básica de Risco (ABR) e quanto ao risco associado às Mudanças Climáticas (ABR+AMC), a saber: ABR: <1=baixo risco; 1–21,9=risco médio; 22–68=alto risco e ABR+AMC: < 1=baixo risco; 1–23,9=risco médio; e 24–80=alto risco. Espécies não-nativas como o Bagre africano (Clarias garipierus), a Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), Carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio), Curimbatá (Prochilodus scrofa) apresentaram um alto risco de invasão (ABR – 56, 38, 38, 18; ABR+AMC – 68, 50, 48, 30 respectivamente). Já espécies de peixes como o Acará (Geophagus brasiliensis), a Traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) e o Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), apesar de serem nativas da região, também apresentaram um alto risco de invasão devido, principalmente, às suas características bioecológicas, mesmo em cenários de mudanças climáticas (ABR – 28, 24, 28; ABR+AMC – 24, 36, 34, respectivamente). Espécies como Cascudo, Manjuba de Iguape, Robalos, Lambari e Corvina demonstraram um médio risco de invasão com pontuações de impacto menores nos setores comercial e ambiental da região. Por fim, espécies com grande relevância socioeconômica como a Pescada amarela e a Sardinha apresentaram um baixo potencial de invasão.