Navegando por Palavras-chave "Environmental enrichment"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação do efeito do ambiente enriquecido sobre o processo de desmielinização e remielinização(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-11-23) Oliveira, Nathalia Serra de [UNIFESP]; Castro, Glaucia Monteiro de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2727707909050870; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2634685799181212; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A Esclerose Múltipla (EM) é uma doença neurológica crônica, inflamatória, desmielinizante do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Para seu estudo diversos modelos vêm sendo utilizados, entre os quais desmielinização induzida com cuprizona, a qual desencadeia alterações comportamentais nos animais. Estudos recentes fornecem novos parâmetros sobre a ação do enriquecimento ambiental e sua relevância para o envelhecimento e doenças neurodegenerativas. O enriquecimento ambiental é uma condição de habitação para animais que permite maior estimulação sensorial, motora, social e cognitiva em relação às condiçõespadrão, proporcionando a reorganização funcional dos circuitos neuronais. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o processo de desmielinização e neurotoxicidade desencadeado pelo tratamento com a cuprizona frente à exposição ao ambiente enriquecido. Foram utilizados ratos da linhagem Lewis, machos com idade de sete semanas. Os animais controle receberam ração comercial moída e o grupo tratado recebeu ração moída com adição de cuprizona (0,6%) por 4 semanas. Os grupos que passaram por o período de recuperação receberam a ração comercial normal por mais uma semana, totalizando 5 semanas. Animais pertencentes aos grupos de ambiente enriquecido foram expostos a sessões diárias de uma hora durante o período experimental. Na primeira, terceira e última semana do tratamento, os animais foram submetidos a testes de comportamento e neurotoxicidade. Grupos tratados com cuprizona apresentam escores de neurotoxicidade significativamente mais elevados (p < 0,001) 15 dias após início do tratamento. Os resultados do teste Walking Track demonstraram impressão completa e uniforme das patas dos animais do grupo controle. Por outro lado, a impressão das patas dos animais tratados apresentou-se errátil e sem uniformidade de caminhada e na distância entre as pegadas. Animais expostos ao ambiente enriquecido e ao período de recuperação apresentam impressão uniforme, semelhante aos dos animais controle. No Campo aberto, notou-se redução significativa na quantidade de cruzamentos e na exploração vertical nos grupos tratados com cuprizona quando comparado ao grupo controle, por outro lado animais tratados expostos ao ambiente enriquecido apresentam índices semelhantes aos dos animais controle. No teste do labirinto em cruz, com o decorrer do tratamento, o grupo cuprizona aumentou significativamente sua permanência no braço fechado e diminuiu significativamente sua permanência no braço aberto. Animais tratados que frequentaram sessões de ambiente enriquecido apresentam índices semelhantes ao grupo controle e na analise do processo de desmielinização com Luxol Fast Blue apresentam densidade intermediaria entre os grupos controle após o período de recuperação. Estes dados sugerem que a exposição ao ambiente enriquecido pode atuar na recuperação dos animais com desmielinização induzida pela cuprizona, estimulando a regeneração.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffects of environmental enrichment and paradoxical sleep deprivation on open-field behavior of amphetamine-treated mice(Elsevier B.V., 2007-11-23) Fukushiro, Daniela Fukue [UNIFESP]; Calzavara, Mariana Bendlin [UNIFESP]; Trombin, Thaís Fernanda [UNIFESP]; Lopez, Giorgia Batlle [UNIFESP]; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Frussa-Filho, Roberto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: Environmental enrichment or paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) has been shown to modify some responses elicited by drugs of abuse. the aims of the present study were to examine the effects of environmental enrichment and PSD, conducted separately or in association, on open-field behavior elicited by amphetamine (AMP) in mice.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to live in either an enriched environmental condition (EC) or a standard environmental condition (SC) for 12 months since weaning. Some of the EC and SC mice were sleep deprived for 48 h, while others were maintained in their home-cages. Immediately after PSD or home-cage stay, the animals received an ip injection of saline, 2.5 mg/kg AMP or 5.0 mg/kg AMP. Fifteen minutes later, their open-field behavior was quantified.Results: Whereas PSD enhanced total and peripheral locomotor activity of acutely AMP-treated mice, environmental enrichment presented only a trend toward enhancement. When PSD and environmental enrichment were combined, an increase in the total and peripheral locomotion frequencies of AMP-treated animals, similar to that observed after PSD, was revealed. in addition, PSD, environmental enrichment or their combination did not modify the effects of AMP on the other open-field behavioral parameters that were analyzed.Conclusion: the present findings demonstrate that some (but not all) of the behavioral effects caused by AMP acute administration can be similarly and specifically enhanced by both environmental enrichment and PSD in C57BL/6 mice. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEnvironmental enrichment decreases avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze and delta FosB immunoreactivity in anxiety-related brain regions(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Lopes, Danielle Abreu [UNIFESP]; Souza, Thaissa Marcondes de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Andrade, José Simões de [UNIFESP]; Silva, Mariana Santos Carvalho de Faria [UNIFESP]; Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira [UNIFESP]; Le Sueur-Maluf, Luciana [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]Environmental enrichment (EE) is an animal management technique, which seems to improve adaptation to the experimental conditions of housing in laboratory animals. Previous studies have pointed to different beneficial effects of the procedure in the treatment of several disorders, including psychiatric conditions such as depression. The anxiolytic effects induced by EE, on the other hand, are not as clear. In fact, it has been proposed that EE acts as a mild stressor agent. To better understand the relationship of EE with anxiety-related responses, the present study exposed rats to one week of EE and subsequently tested these animals in the inhibitory avoidance and escape tasks of the elevated T-maze (ETM). In clinical terms, these responses have been respectively related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. All animals were tested in an open field, immediately after the ETM, for locomotor activity assessment. Additionally, analysis of delta FosB protein immunoreactivity (FosB-ir) was used to map areas activated by EE exposure and plasma corticosterone measurements were performed. The results obtained demonstrate that exposure to EE for one week impaired avoidance responses, an anxiolytic-like effect, without altering escape reactions. Also, in animals submitted to the avoidance task EE exposure decreased FosB-ir in the cingulate cortex, dorsolateral and intermediate lateral septum, hippocampus (cornus of Ammon), anterior and dorsomedial hypothalamus, medial and basolateral amygdala and ventral region of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Although no behavioral differences were observed in animals submitted to the escape task, EE exposure also decreased FosB-ir in the cingulate cortex, hippocampus (dentate gyms), lateral amygdala, paraventricular, anterior and ventromedial hypothalamus, dorsomedial periaqueductal gray and ventral and dorsal region of the dorsal raphe. No changes in corticosterone levels, however, were observed. These results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of EE on anxiety.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPeripubertal exposure to environmental enrichment prevents schizophrenia-like behaviors in the SHR strain animal model(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Santos, Camila Mauricio [UNIFESP]; Peres, Fernanda Fiel [UNIFESP]; Diana, Mariana Cepollaro [UNIFESP]; Justi, Veronica [UNIFESP]; Suiama, Mayra Akimi [UNIFESP]; Santana, Marcela Goncalves [UNIFESP]; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]Schizophrenia is a highly disabling mental disorder, in which genetics and environmental factors interact culminating in the disease. The treatment of negative symptoms and cognitive deficits with antipsychotics is currently inefficient and is an important field of research. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been suggested to improve some cognitive deficits in animal models of various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a possible beneficial effect of early and long-term exposure to EE on an animal model of schizophrenia, the SHR strain. Young male Wistar rats (control strain) and SHRs (21 post-natal days) were housed for 6 weeks in two different conditions: in large cages (10 animals per cage) containing objects of different textures, forms, colors and materials that were changed 3 times/week (EE condition) or in standard cages (5 animals per cage - Control condition). Behavioral evaluations - social interaction (SI), locomotion, prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) and spontaneous alternation (SA) - were performed 6 weeks after the end of EE. SHRs presented deficits in PPI (a sensorimotor impairment), SI (mimicking the negative symptoms) and SA (a working memory deficit), and also hyperlocomotion (modeling the positive symptoms). EE was able to reduce locomotion and increase PPI in both strains, and to prevent the working memory deficit in SHRs. EE also increased the number of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. In conclusion, EE can be a potential nonpharmacological strategy to prevent some behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.