Navegando por Palavras-chave "Cloreto de Sódio"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela população brasileira, 2008-2009(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2013-06-01) Sarno, Flavio; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Nutrição; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE:To update estimates of sodium intake in Brazil.METHODS:We used data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey of 2008-2009. Records of food purchases of households were converted into nutrients using food composition tables. Mean sodium availability per person per day and mean adjusted availability for a 2,000 kcal daily energy intake were calculated. The contribution of food groups to the total household sodium availability was calculated and compared to results estimated from the 2002-2003 Household Budget Survey.RESULTS:Mean daily sodium available for consumption in Brazilian households was 4.7 g per 2,000 kcal per day, thus still more than twice the recommended levels of intake for this nutrient. Although most of the sodium available for intake is derived from table salt or salt-based condiments (74.4%), the fraction derived from processed foods with added salt showed a strong linear increase with household income (12.3% of total sodium intake in the lower quintile of per capita income distribution and 27.0% in the upper quintile). There was a reduction in the contribution of salt and salt-based condiments (76.2% to 74.4%) and fresh or processed foods without added salt (6.6% to 4.8%) and an increase of processed foods with added salt (15.8% to 18.9%) and ready meals (1.4% to 1.6%), when compared to results estimated from the 2002-2003 Household Budget Survey.CONCLUSIONS:Sodium intake in Brazil remains at levels above the recommended maximum for this nutrient in all Brazilian macro regions and income strata. There was stability in the total household sodium availability, and an increase in the fraction from processed foods with addition of salt and ready meals, when comparing 2008-2009 with 2002-2003.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Evaluation of effectiveness of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution against infections in wire and pin holes for Ilizarov external fixators(Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM, 2005-03-01) Camilo, Adelina Morais [UNIFESP]; Bongiovanni, José Carlos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Orthopedics and Traumatology Center of JundiaíCONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Superficial infection at wire and pin insertions in the skin is a frequent disorder among patients utilizing the Ilizarov method. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily topical application of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution against infections of the holes for Kirschner wires and Schanz pins among patients using Ilizarov external fixators, in comparison with cleaning these holes only with 0.9% sterile physiological saline solution. DESIGN AND SETTING: Controlled randomized clinical trial, in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital São Paulo, and Orthopedics and Traumatology Center of Jundiaí. METHODS: 30 patients were treated using the Ilizarov technique: 15 were instructed to apply 0.9% physiological saline dressing on the wire and pin insertions and 15 to apply 0.9% physiological saline plus 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine. Patients were evaluated at outpatient return visits for identification of signs and symptoms of superficial infection at wire and pin insertion sites. Samples were collected from cases of purulent exudate secretion, for culturing and clinical tests. RESULTS: The chi-squared and Fischer exact tests were applied, but no statistically significant association between the intervention of topical polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution and the prevention of infections at wire and pin insertions could be found. CONCLUSIONS: Topical 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution applied daily to Kirschner wire and Schanz pin insertions did not reduce the incidence of superficial infection at these holes, in comparison with mechanical removal of dirt using 0.9% physiological saline solution.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosIrrigacao intranasal: avaliacao do uso de solucoes hidroeletroliticas na mucosa de ratos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2003) Viertler, Erika Yokoingawa Camargo [UNIFESP]A irrrigacao intranasal tem grande importancia como terapia adjuvante de, doencas nasossinusais, Entretanto, faltam estudos que avaliem as alteracoes histologicas que as diferentes solucoes utilizadas podem causar na mucosa dos nariz. Objetivo: analisar os aspectos histologicos da mucosa nasal de ratos apos irrigacao local com diferentes solucoes hidroeletroliticas. Metodo 120 ratos) alistar foram divididos igualmente em 4 grupos. 0 grupo de numero 1 recebeu solucao salina a 0,9 por cento. Os grupos 2 e 3 receberam solucoes contendo 0,6 e 1,2 por cento de Cloreto de Sodio respectivamente, associadas a Cloreto de Potassio e Glicose em diferentes concentracoes. 0 grupo 4 foi o grupo controle. Duas vezes a dia, 0,1m ;2 gotas das solucoes foram aplicados na narina esquerda dosa ratos atraves de uma seringa. Metade dos animais de cada grupo foi sacrificado apos) uma semana e o restante apos 4 semanas de tratamento Os fragmentos de mucosa obtidos foram processados e estudados em microscopia optica, utilizando a hematoxilina e eosina. Resultados: Pode-se observar que a infiltracao de celulas inflamatorias foi estatisticamente mais intensa no grupo 2I em uma e quatro semanas de administracao das solucoes (p<_0,05), quando comparada ao' grupo controle. A formacao de glandulas intraepiteliais foi estatisticamente mais evidente no grupo quando comparada aos grupos 3 e 4 (p<_0,05 Conclusao, A solucao salina hipertonica testada foi a que mais favoreceu a funcao normal da mucosa nasal. Nao foram encontradas vantagens na utilizacao da solucao salina a 0,9 por cento em comparacao com o uso das demais solucoes em estudo