Navegando por Palavras-chave "Anatomical study"

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    Anterolateral ligament anatomy: a comparative anatomical study
    (Springer, 2017) McNeill Ingham, Sheila Jean [UNIFESP]; de Carvalho, Rogerio Teixeira [UNIFESP]; Martins, Cesar A. Q.; Lertwanich, Pisit; Abdalla, Rene Jorge [UNIFESP]; Smolinski, Patrick; Lovejoy, C. Owen; Fu, Freddie H.
    Some anatomical studies have indicated that the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee is distinct ligamentous structure in humans. The purpose of this study is to compare the lateral anatomy of the knee among human and various animal specimens. Fifty-eight fresh-frozen knee specimens, from 24 different animal species, were used for this anatomical study. The same researchers dissected all the specimens in this study, and dissections were performed in a careful and standardized manner. An ALL was not found in any of the 58 knees dissected. Another interesting finding in this study is that some primate species (the prosimians: the red and black and white lemurs) have two LCLs. The clinical relevance of this study is the lack of isolation of the ALL as a unique structure in animal species. Therefore, precaution is recommended before assessing the need for surgery to reconstruct the ALL as a singular ligament.
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    Parathyroid gland anatomical distribution and relation to anthropometric and demographic parameters: a cadaveric study
    (Springer, 2011-12-01) Hojaij, Flavio [UNIFESP]; Vanderlei, Felipe [UNIFESP]; Plopper, Caio; Rodrigues, Consuelo Junqueira; Jacomo, Alfredo; Cernea, Claudio; Oliveira, Leonardo [UNIFESP]; Marchi, Luis [UNIFESP]; Brandao, Lenine; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Parathyroid glands play an important role in controlling calcium levels, which influence muscular contraction and neurotransmission. the number of variants, localization and ectopic positions make these glands tricky during surgical exploration. Detailed anatomical knowledge of these glands is fundamental to avoid postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, such as failures during thyroidectomy and parathyroid procedures. the purposes of this work were to study and report practical knowledge for surgeons in order to localize the glands. Dissections were performed on 56 cadavers. Gland identity was confirmed by histological study. Also, mediastinal tissue and the carotid sheath were treated with Carnoy's solution to identify ectopic glands. the thyroid gland was divided and sliced to identify parathyroid glands in the parenchymal and subcapsular space. Four or more parathyroid glands were found in 89.3% of the studied specimens. Mean gland weight was 33.1 mg, and its mean measurements were 6.7 x 3.9 x 2.0 mm. in more than 90% of the cases there was a correlation with the inferior laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid glands: the upper glands were located in medial positions, and the lower ones were found to be located laterally. in 42.8% of cases at least one ectopic gland was observed. the main ectopic regions were the mediastinum and thymus (19.6%), thyroid subcapsular space (12.5%) and thyroid parenchyma (5.4%). Quantity, gland characteristics and location were not influenced by anthropometric and demographic parameters. Here we show the high incidence of parathyroid glands positioned at abnormal locations, and as a controversial topic in endocrine surgery, this matter must be continuously studied and reported in the literature.