As Intervenções Assistidas por Animais no contexto hospitalar: Uma revisão bibliográfica e percepções de condutores de animais
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2019-12-06
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Silva, Beatriz Dias Gonçalves da [UNIFESP]
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Savalli, Carine [UNIFESP]
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Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Abstract
Introdução: Acredita-se que os humanos se atraem por outras espécies de animais desde sua origem. Pesquisas apontam que para além da companhia, a interação com animais traz uma série de benefícios aos indivíduos, principalmente àqueles que passam por um processo de internação hospitalar. Nesse contexto as Interações Assistidas por Animais (IAA) são apontadas como uma forma de humanizar o ambiente, melhorar as relações interpessoais e o bem-estar, além de reduzir o estresse e a ansiedade. Objetivo: A presente pesquisa irá identificar publicações de estudos científicos na área da IAA no contexto hospitalar, a fim de verificar os possíveis efeitos do vínculo humano-animal neste ambiente. Busca-se também a percepção de condutores dos animais, profissionais que atuam na área, sobre as práticas realizadas, seus desafios e potencialidades. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa composta por duas fases, a primeira consiste na revisão bibliográfica da IAA no contexto hospitalar. A segunda é de caráter qualitativo, de cunho descritivo e exploratório, composta por entrevistas semiestruturadas com condutores dos animais que realizam a IAA. Resultados: Na revisão bibliográfica evidenciou-se o baixo número de publicações nacionais sobre o assunto. As pesquisas tiveram enfoque na população adulta e idosa, com os cães sendo empregados com maior frequência como animais coterapeutas. Na análise das entrevistas as categorias formadas dissertam sobre o trabalho de condutor, a relação com os pacientes, equipes de saúde e acompanhantes, os desafios do trabalho e a necessidade de uma regulamentação específica para as intervenções. Os dados encontrados na revisão de literatura foram semelhantes com os relatos dos condutores quanto aos benefícios da IAA. Conclusão: As Intervenções Assistidas por Animais se mostraram práticas eficazes para promover bem-estar e uma série de melhorias para pacientes, membros da equipe de saúde e acompanhantes, além de transformarem o ambiente hospitalar em um lugar mais humanizado. A presença do animal coterapeuta facilitou com que os pacientes tratassem de assuntos mais delicados, indicando a potencialidade das práticas para o trabalho do psicólogo.
Introduction: It is believed that humans are attracted to another species of animals since their origin. Research indicates that beyond the company, interaction with animals brings a number of benefits to individuals, especially those who go through a hospitalization process. In this context, Animals Assisted Interventions (AAI) are a way of humanizing the environment, improving interpersonal relationships and well-being, as well as reducing stress and anxiety. Health team. Objective: This research will identify publications of scientific studies in the area of AAI in the hospital context, in order to verify the possible effects of the human-animal bond in this environment. We also seek the perception of animal handlers, professionals who work in the area, about the practices performed, their challenges and potentialities. Methodology: This is a research composed of two phases, the first consists in a literature review of the AAI in the hospital context, and the second is qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, consisting in semi-structured interviews with drivers of animals that perform the IAA. Results: The literature review showed the low number of national publications about the matter. Findings of the literature research showed highest prevalence of articles focused on the adult and elderly population, with dogs being most use as co-therapist animals. In the analysis of the interviews, the categories formed discuss the driver's work, the relationship with patients, with the staff members and the companions, the work challenges and the need for specific regulations for the interventions. The data found in the literature review were similar to the drivers' reports regarding the benefits of AAI. Conclusion: Animals-Assisted Interventions has proven to be effective practices for promoting well-being and a range of improvements for patients, health care staff and caregivers, and making the hospital environment a more humane place. The presence of the co-therapist animal made easier for patients to deal with more delicate questions, indicating the potentiality of these practices for the psychologist work.
Introduction: It is believed that humans are attracted to another species of animals since their origin. Research indicates that beyond the company, interaction with animals brings a number of benefits to individuals, especially those who go through a hospitalization process. In this context, Animals Assisted Interventions (AAI) are a way of humanizing the environment, improving interpersonal relationships and well-being, as well as reducing stress and anxiety. Health team. Objective: This research will identify publications of scientific studies in the area of AAI in the hospital context, in order to verify the possible effects of the human-animal bond in this environment. We also seek the perception of animal handlers, professionals who work in the area, about the practices performed, their challenges and potentialities. Methodology: This is a research composed of two phases, the first consists in a literature review of the AAI in the hospital context, and the second is qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, consisting in semi-structured interviews with drivers of animals that perform the IAA. Results: The literature review showed the low number of national publications about the matter. Findings of the literature research showed highest prevalence of articles focused on the adult and elderly population, with dogs being most use as co-therapist animals. In the analysis of the interviews, the categories formed discuss the driver's work, the relationship with patients, with the staff members and the companions, the work challenges and the need for specific regulations for the interventions. The data found in the literature review were similar to the drivers' reports regarding the benefits of AAI. Conclusion: Animals-Assisted Interventions has proven to be effective practices for promoting well-being and a range of improvements for patients, health care staff and caregivers, and making the hospital environment a more humane place. The presence of the co-therapist animal made easier for patients to deal with more delicate questions, indicating the potentiality of these practices for the psychologist work.
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SILVA, Beatriz Dias Gonçalves da. As Intervenções Assistidas por Animais no contexto hospitalar: Uma revisão bibliográfica e percepções de condutores de animais. 2019. 66 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Psicologia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade (ISS), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, 2019.