Após Auschwitz: metafísica na obra tardia de Theodor W. Adorno
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Data
2023-11-24
Autores
Sgai, Giovanni Corradi
Orientadores
Gatti, Lucianno Ferreira
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a reflexão tardia de Theodor W. Adorno sobre o conceito de metafísica. Partindo das “Meditações sobre a metafísica”, o último capítulo da Dialética negativa, e dos cursos Metaphysik: Begriff und Probleme, Kants “Kritik der reinen Vernunft” e Ontologie und Dialektik, analisamos o diagnóstico adorniano, sintetizado na expressão de que o pensamento dialético negativo é solidário com a metafísica no instante de sua queda, identificando tanto os elementos que atestam a caducidade da metafísica, quanto os outros que conservam seu teor de verdade e participam da reflexão histórica-materialista. Nesse contexto, abordamos a problemática em três etapas: primeiro, como Adorno lê e compreende o conceito de metafísica, algo que nos leva a remontar sua leitura da tradição que abrange de Aristóteles a Heidegger; segundo, exploramos o diagnóstico de época do filósofo, precisamente, a destruição sintetizada em Auschwitz que, por um lado, evidencia a ideologia das tentativas que tentam posicionar positivamente a metafísica e que, por outro lado, impõem a necessidade da filosofia crítica repensar a relação entre particular e universal; terceiro, reconstruímos a ideia de crítica imanente em Adorno a partir do embate entre Kant e Hegel; o objetivo então é apresentar como a não-identidade é compreendida no interior da conceituação e não dela apartada, o que nos leva a ideia de experiência metafísica materialisticamente alterada. O objetivo do conjunto da dissertação é evidenciar como é indispensável para uma dialética negativa analisar e alterar materialisticamente o âmago do pensamento metafísico.
This dissertation aims to explore Theodor W. Adorno's late reflection on the concept of metaphysics. Starting from "Meditations on Metaphysics", the last chapter of Negative Dialectics, and the lectures Metaphysik: Begriff und Probleme, Kants "Kritik der reinen Vernunft" and Ontologie und Dialektik, we analyze Adorno's diagnosis, summarized in the expression that negative dialectical thinking is in solidarity with metaphysics at the moment of its fall, identifying both the elements that attest to the decay of metaphysics, and the others that preserve its truth content and participate in historical-materialist reflection. In this context, we approach the problem in three stages: firstly, how Adorno reads and understands the concept of metaphysics, something that leads us back to his reading of the tradition that ranges from Aristotle to Heidegger; secondly, we explore the philosopher's time diagnosis, precisely the destruction summarized in Auschwitz which, on the one hand, highlights the ideology of the attempts that try to positively position metaphysics and, on the other hand, imposes the need for critical philosophy to rethink the relationship between the particular and the universal; thirdly, we reconstruct the idea of immanent critique in Adorno based on the clash between Kant and Hegel, with the aim of showing how non-identity is understood within conceptualization and not apart from it, which leads us to the idea of materialistically altered metaphysical experience. The whole point is to show how indispensable it is for a negative dialectic to materialistically analyze and modify the core of metaphysical thought.
This dissertation aims to explore Theodor W. Adorno's late reflection on the concept of metaphysics. Starting from "Meditations on Metaphysics", the last chapter of Negative Dialectics, and the lectures Metaphysik: Begriff und Probleme, Kants "Kritik der reinen Vernunft" and Ontologie und Dialektik, we analyze Adorno's diagnosis, summarized in the expression that negative dialectical thinking is in solidarity with metaphysics at the moment of its fall, identifying both the elements that attest to the decay of metaphysics, and the others that preserve its truth content and participate in historical-materialist reflection. In this context, we approach the problem in three stages: firstly, how Adorno reads and understands the concept of metaphysics, something that leads us back to his reading of the tradition that ranges from Aristotle to Heidegger; secondly, we explore the philosopher's time diagnosis, precisely the destruction summarized in Auschwitz which, on the one hand, highlights the ideology of the attempts that try to positively position metaphysics and, on the other hand, imposes the need for critical philosophy to rethink the relationship between the particular and the universal; thirdly, we reconstruct the idea of immanent critique in Adorno based on the clash between Kant and Hegel, with the aim of showing how non-identity is understood within conceptualization and not apart from it, which leads us to the idea of materialistically altered metaphysical experience. The whole point is to show how indispensable it is for a negative dialectic to materialistically analyze and modify the core of metaphysical thought.