Diferentes volumes de treinamento em idosos: efeitos sobre força muscular e capacidade funcional
Carregando...
Data
2023-12-15
Autores
Munhoz, Emilly do Prado Prestes [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Botero, João Paulo [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O processo de envelhecimento é fisiológico e afeta as funções musculares e cardiovasculares dos indivíduos, ocasionando diminuição da capacidade funcional. Apesar de a prática regular de exercícios físicos ser reconhecida por seus benefícios, a baixa adesão devido à falta de tempo é um desafio. Portanto, é importante entender se um volume abaixo das recomendações internacionais (OMS e ACSM) de exercícios semanais pode impactar as funções muscular e cardiovascular e ser positivo para a saúde dos idosos. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os efeitos de dois volumes de treinamento: 1- estabelecidos pelas recomendações internacionais (OMS); e 2- abaixo dessas recomendações, em dois tipos diferentes de exercícios de intensidade vigorosa (resistido terrestre e resistido aquático) na força muscular e na capacidade funcional de idosos. Para tanto, 92 voluntários cadastrados na Secretaria de Esportes do Município de Praia Grande, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão foram alocados em um dos 5 grupos experimentais: 1-grupo de treinamento de força na água com volume de 40 minutos/dia (Água40’) e 2- com volume de 20 minutos/dia (Água20’); 3- grupo de treinamento resistido terrestre com volume de 40 minutos/dia (Terra40’) e 4- com volume de 20 minutos/dia (Terra20’); e 5- Grupo Controle (GC). Os voluntários realizaram duas sessões de exercícios semanais durante 12 semanas com intensidade moderada-vigorosa, com os dois volumes distintos para cada um dos 2 tipos de exercícios: um totalizando 40 min semanais e o outro, 80 minutos semanais. Antes e após a intervenção foram verificados e comparados indicadores de função muscular, capacidade funcional e antropometria. Resultados: não demonstraram diferença significativa para a capacidade de força de membros superiores e inferiores nos períodos pré e pós treinamento. Apenas os grupos de treinamento terrestre apresentaram diferenças significativas para os testes de agilidade (TUG), independente dos volumes. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e teste de Levene para analisar a homogeneidade das variâncias. Foi considerado significante o valor de p<0,05. Conclusão: concluímos que apenas o treinamento resistido terrestre foi capaz de promover alteração nas capacidades funcionais, independente do volume. Os dos tipos de exercícios não alteraram significativamente a força muscular de membros superiores e inferiores em ambos os volumes.
The aging process is physiological and affects individuals' muscular and cardiovascular functions, causing a decrease in functional capacity. Although regular physical exercise is recognized for its benefits, low adherence due to lack of time is a challenge. Therefore, it is important to understand whether a volume below international recommendations (WHO and ACSM) of weekly exercise can impact muscular and cardiovascular functions and be positive for the health of the elderly. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of two training volumes: 1 established by international recommendations (WHO); and 2 below these recommendations, in two different types of exercises vigorous intensity (resistance on land and resistance in water) on the muscular strength and functional capacity of elderly people. To this end, 92 volunteers registered at the Sports Department of the Municipality of Praia Grande, who met the inclusion criteria, were allocated to one of 5 experimental groups: 1strength training group in water with a volume of 40 minutes/day (Water40’) and 2 with a volume of 20 minutes/day Water20’); 3 land resistance training group with a volume of 40 minutes/day (Land40’) and 4 with a volume of 20 minutes/day (Land20’); and 5 Control Group (CG). The volunteers performed two weekly exercise sessions for 12 weeks with moderatevigorous intensity, with two different volumes for each of the 2 types of exercise: one totaling 40 minutes per week and the other, 80 minutes per week. Before and after the intervention, indicators of muscle function, functional capacity and anthropometry were checked and compared. Results: no significant difference was demonstrated in the strength capacity of the upper and lower limbs in the pre and posttraining periods. Only the terrestrial training groups showed significant differences for the agility tests (TUG), with no differences between volumes. Data normality was verified using the ShapiroWilk test and Levene's test to analyze the homogeneity of variances. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: we concluded that only terrestrial resistance training was able to promote changes in functional capabilities, regardless of volume. The types of exercises did not significantly change the muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs in both volumes.
The aging process is physiological and affects individuals' muscular and cardiovascular functions, causing a decrease in functional capacity. Although regular physical exercise is recognized for its benefits, low adherence due to lack of time is a challenge. Therefore, it is important to understand whether a volume below international recommendations (WHO and ACSM) of weekly exercise can impact muscular and cardiovascular functions and be positive for the health of the elderly. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of two training volumes: 1 established by international recommendations (WHO); and 2 below these recommendations, in two different types of exercises vigorous intensity (resistance on land and resistance in water) on the muscular strength and functional capacity of elderly people. To this end, 92 volunteers registered at the Sports Department of the Municipality of Praia Grande, who met the inclusion criteria, were allocated to one of 5 experimental groups: 1strength training group in water with a volume of 40 minutes/day (Water40’) and 2 with a volume of 20 minutes/day Water20’); 3 land resistance training group with a volume of 40 minutes/day (Land40’) and 4 with a volume of 20 minutes/day (Land20’); and 5 Control Group (CG). The volunteers performed two weekly exercise sessions for 12 weeks with moderatevigorous intensity, with two different volumes for each of the 2 types of exercise: one totaling 40 minutes per week and the other, 80 minutes per week. Before and after the intervention, indicators of muscle function, functional capacity and anthropometry were checked and compared. Results: no significant difference was demonstrated in the strength capacity of the upper and lower limbs in the pre and posttraining periods. Only the terrestrial training groups showed significant differences for the agility tests (TUG), with no differences between volumes. Data normality was verified using the ShapiroWilk test and Levene's test to analyze the homogeneity of variances. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: we concluded that only terrestrial resistance training was able to promote changes in functional capabilities, regardless of volume. The types of exercises did not significantly change the muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs in both volumes.
Descrição
Citação
MUNHOZ, Emilly do Prado Prestes. Diferentes volumes de treinamento em idosos: efeitos sobre força muscular e capacidade funcional. 2023. 23 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.