As relações de gênero no espaço votivo grego: estudo do friso contínuo do Partenon na sociedade Ateniense Séc V a.C.
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Data
2023-12-20
Autores
Santos, Ailton Ferreira [UNIFESP}
Orientadores
Baumgarten, Jens Michael
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Resumo
Na Grécia Antiga, a mulher ateniense situava-se aquém dos direitos da pólis. A
ridicularização da imagem feminina em Atenas encontrava no teatro sua maior expressividade,
tendo como território fértil as tragédias e comédias. Ao realizar um aprofundamento
bibliográfico sobre a ação política do feminino na pólis, constituindo assim um manancial
teórico que evidencie onde, o respectivo feminino enquanto contexto de cidadã, se apresenta
no parâmetro relacionado aos hábitos religiosos e cívicos na qual estavam inseridas,
concebendo assim, uma desconstrução do entendimento do papel da mulher na sociedade
ateniense, realizo uma conexão à materialidade da escultura arquitetônica do Friso Contínuo do
Partenon, corpus da presente pesquisa. A partir da leitura da narrativa visual do respectivo Friso,
tendo a imagem figurada do cerimonial do Peplos como referencial da escultura arquitetônica,
elaborei a concepção hipotética de que a mulher foi representada como defensora da cidade de
Atenas e que a personagem infantil no rito da dobra presente na imagem é feminina, uma vez
que percebo a ênfase em sua importância no âmbito religioso cívico, e por ser considerada um
veículo justo de questionamentos contemporâneos no contexto científico. Ao estabelecer a
materialidade dos acontecimentos votivos numa narrativa escultórica embasada num contexto
do seu período, os arquitetos e escultores o fizeram inserindo mulheres diligentes em suas obras,
responsáveis por participar efetivamente nos âmbitos sagrados relacionados aos templos e
demais espaços e tempos da vida cotidiana em Atenas, que impactaram na estruturação da
vivência ateniense. Com a lei de Péricles, instituída no período compreendido em meados do
Séc. V a.C., foram as respectivas mulheres diligentes que possuíam a responsabilidade de
reproduzir citadinos da pólis ateniense, colaborando para a conservação da logicidade do
contexto democrático na antiguidade clássica. Em minha proposição, o escultor concebe a
interface operante do feminino no espaço votivo exatamente porque ele estava apoiado na
fundamentação da propagação da cidadania. Pautado na reflexão e no conceito analítico do
manancial teórico e na História de Gênero, proponho a compreensão da requisição específica
das mulheres na sociedade de Atenas do Séc. V a.C., pelo questionamento das vinculações entre
o feminino e o masculino, a materialidade escultórica arquitetônica do Peplos através do
contexto sagrado e a tecelagem, destarte evidenciar o provável papel feminino diligente na pólis.
Abstract In Ancient Greece, Athenian women fell short of the rights of the polis. The ridicule of the female image in Athens found its greatest expression in theater, with tragedies and comedies as fertile territory. By carrying out an in-depth bibliographical analysis of the political action of the feminine in the polis, thus constituting a theoretical source that highlights where, the respective feminine as a citizen context, presents itself in the parameter related to the religious and civic habits in which they were inserted, thus conceiving a deconstructing the understanding of the role of women in Athenian society, I make a connection to the materiality of the architectural sculpture of the Continuous Frieze of the Parthenon, the corpus of this research. From reading the visual narrative of the respective frieze, with the figurative image of the Peplos ceremonial as a reference for the architectural sculpture, I developed the hypothetical conception that the woman was represented as a defender of the city of Athens and that the child character in the folding rite present in the image is feminine, since I understand the emphasis on its importance in the civic-religious context, and because it is considered a fair vehicle for contemporary questions in the scientific context. By establishing the materiality of votive events in a sculptural narrative based on the context of their period, the architects and sculptors did so by inserting diligent women into their works, responsible for effectively participating in the sacred areas related to the temples and other spaces and times of Athenian daily life, that impacted the structuring of the Athenian experience. With the law of Pericles, established in the period between the middle of the century. V BC, it was the respective diligent women who had the responsibility of reproducing the citizens of the Athenian polis, contributing to the conservation of the logicality of the democratic context in classical antiquity. In my proposition, the sculptor conceives the operative interface of the feminine in the votive space precisely because it was supported by the foundation of the propagation of citizenship. Based on reflection and the analytical concept of the theoretical source and the History of Gender, I propose an understanding of the specific requirements of women in the society of Athens in the 21st century. V BC, by questioning the links between the feminine and the masculine, the architectural sculptural materiality of the peplos through the sacred context and weaving, thus highlighting the probable diligent female role in the polis.
Abstract In Ancient Greece, Athenian women fell short of the rights of the polis. The ridicule of the female image in Athens found its greatest expression in theater, with tragedies and comedies as fertile territory. By carrying out an in-depth bibliographical analysis of the political action of the feminine in the polis, thus constituting a theoretical source that highlights where, the respective feminine as a citizen context, presents itself in the parameter related to the religious and civic habits in which they were inserted, thus conceiving a deconstructing the understanding of the role of women in Athenian society, I make a connection to the materiality of the architectural sculpture of the Continuous Frieze of the Parthenon, the corpus of this research. From reading the visual narrative of the respective frieze, with the figurative image of the Peplos ceremonial as a reference for the architectural sculpture, I developed the hypothetical conception that the woman was represented as a defender of the city of Athens and that the child character in the folding rite present in the image is feminine, since I understand the emphasis on its importance in the civic-religious context, and because it is considered a fair vehicle for contemporary questions in the scientific context. By establishing the materiality of votive events in a sculptural narrative based on the context of their period, the architects and sculptors did so by inserting diligent women into their works, responsible for effectively participating in the sacred areas related to the temples and other spaces and times of Athenian daily life, that impacted the structuring of the Athenian experience. With the law of Pericles, established in the period between the middle of the century. V BC, it was the respective diligent women who had the responsibility of reproducing the citizens of the Athenian polis, contributing to the conservation of the logicality of the democratic context in classical antiquity. In my proposition, the sculptor conceives the operative interface of the feminine in the votive space precisely because it was supported by the foundation of the propagation of citizenship. Based on reflection and the analytical concept of the theoretical source and the History of Gender, I propose an understanding of the specific requirements of women in the society of Athens in the 21st century. V BC, by questioning the links between the feminine and the masculine, the architectural sculptural materiality of the peplos through the sacred context and weaving, thus highlighting the probable diligent female role in the polis.
Descrição
Citação
Santos, Ailton Ferreira. As relações de gênero no espaço votivo grego: estudo do friso contínuo do Partenon na sociedade Ateniense Séc V a.C. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas - EFLCH, 2023.