Padrões alimentares de adolescentes obesos e suas repercussões metabólicas
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Data
2009-02-27
Autores
Dishchekenian, Vera Regina Mello [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Lopez, Fábio Ancona [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Objetivo: Avaliar a associação de padrões alimentares com alterações metabólicas em adolescentes obesos. Método: Estudo transversal envolvendo 76 estudantes (ambos os sexos, 14-19 anos, IMC ≥P95 e Tanner ≥4.) de escolas públicas, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletados dados antropométricos e bioquímicos, e aplicados questionários com informações sócio-demográficas e registro alimentar de 4 dias, entre 2006 e 2007. Escores fatoriais foram obtidos na análise fatorial e após ajustes três padrões alimentares identificados foram associados a fatores de risco biológico por Regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: O padrão Tradicional (arroz e massas, feijões, carnes vermelhas, embutidos, óleos e doces) foi positivamente associado com insulina, glicemia e triglicérides e negativamente associado com lipoproteína de alta densidade. O padrão Em transição (peixe, aves, ovos, pães, manteiga, leite e derivados, hortaliças, frutas, sucos de frutas e açúcar refinado) apresentou as mesmas associações, além de associação similar com a pressão arterial diastólica. O padrão Fast food (cafeteria, hambúrguer, maionese, bolacha, bolos e tortas, chocolate e refrigerantes) apresentou associação positiva com o colesterol, lipoproteína de baixa densidade e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e negativa com a insulina e lipoproteína de alta densidade. Conclusão: Os padrões Tradicional e Em transição apresentaram associações diferentes com o metabolismo lipídico e glicídico quando comparados com o padrão Fast food. Os três padrões podem ser considerados obesogênicos, porém o padrão Fast food pareceu ser o mais aterogênico e promotor de hipertensão arterial.
Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and metabolic alterations in obese adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional study of 76 students (both gender, 14-19 years, BMI>P95 and Tanner stage ≥4) enrolled in public school from 2006 to 2007, Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Socio-demographic questionnaire, 4 day food record, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Scores for dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis and after controlling for potential confounders, the three identified patterns were associated with biological risk factors by multilinear regression. Results: The Traditional pattern (rice and cereal, bean, red meat, sausage, oils and sweets) was strongly associated with insulin, glicemia and triglycerides and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein. The pattern named In transition (fish, poultry, eggs, bread, butter, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits, fruit juice and white sugar), presented the same positively associations and also with diastolic blood pressure. The Fast food pattern (high fat bakery products, hamburger, mayonnaise, cookies and crackers, chocolate and sodas) presented positive association with cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and negative association with insulin and high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: The Traditional and In transition patterns were differently related to glucose and lipid metabolism when compared with Fast food pattern/ the Fast food one. The three patterns could be considered obesogenic, however the Fast Food pattern seems to be the most atherogenic and hypertension promoter.
Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and metabolic alterations in obese adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional study of 76 students (both gender, 14-19 years, BMI>P95 and Tanner stage ≥4) enrolled in public school from 2006 to 2007, Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Socio-demographic questionnaire, 4 day food record, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Scores for dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis and after controlling for potential confounders, the three identified patterns were associated with biological risk factors by multilinear regression. Results: The Traditional pattern (rice and cereal, bean, red meat, sausage, oils and sweets) was strongly associated with insulin, glicemia and triglycerides and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein. The pattern named In transition (fish, poultry, eggs, bread, butter, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits, fruit juice and white sugar), presented the same positively associations and also with diastolic blood pressure. The Fast food pattern (high fat bakery products, hamburger, mayonnaise, cookies and crackers, chocolate and sodas) presented positive association with cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and negative association with insulin and high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: The Traditional and In transition patterns were differently related to glucose and lipid metabolism when compared with Fast food pattern/ the Fast food one. The three patterns could be considered obesogenic, however the Fast Food pattern seems to be the most atherogenic and hypertension promoter.
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Citação
DISHCHEKENIAN, Vera Regina Mello. Padrões alimentares de adolescentes obesos e suas repercussões metabólicas. 2009. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Nutrição) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2009.