As drogas psicotrópicas e a imprensa brasileira: Análise do material publicado e do discurso dos profissionais da área de jornalismo
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Data
2006-01-01
Autores
Mastroianni, Fábio de Carvalho [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Resumo
O jornalismo exerce um importante papel na construção social da realidade e está diretamente relacionado ao processo de formação da opinião pública. A presente pesquisa buscou unir aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos objetivando analisar e comparar o conteúdo dos textos jornalísticos sobre drogas, publicados na imprensa brasileira nos anos de 2000 e 2003, assim como compreender o processo de construção dessas notícias a partir do referencial de seus autores. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos complementares: a) a análise de conteúdo de 2.510 matérias (1.110 em 2000 e 1.400 em 2003) extraídas por clipping dos principais jornais e revistas do Brasil; e b) a análise do discurso dos profissionais da área de comunicação (N=22) autores de matérias sobre drogas, obtidos por entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas e transcritas literalmente. Entre as matérias jornalísticas analisadas verificou-se que tanto para o tabaco quanto para o álcool, predominaram temas relativos a políticas públicas, enquanto que para as demais drogas (maconha, derivados da coca e textos sobre drogas de maneira geral) os textos foram mais restritos às conseqüências negativas do uso e ao tráfico de drogas. Entre os anos de 2000 e 2003 foi observado um aumento de matérias sobre políticas relacionadas ao álcool enquanto que para maconha e cocaína aumentou o número de matérias que utilizaram termos pejorativos. Cerca de metade dos textos analisados em ambos os anos foram do tipo nota. Em relação ao discurso dos profissionais, a maioria considerou inadequada a cobertura jornalística sobre o tema, apontando dificuldades tais como a falta de conhecimento mais amplo sobre o assunto, assim como o tempo escasso para a elaboração de matérias com maior profundidade. Os resultados confirmam o descompasso entre imprensa e epidemiologia, bem como a superficialidade com que um tema tão complexo é tratado. Além disso, para que haja uma cobertura mais adequada do tema é necessária uma maior capacitação dos profissionais da área de comunicação, assim como uma aproximação maior destes com profissionais e acadêmicos da área de saúde.
The journalism exerts an important paper in the social construction of the reality and directly is related to the process of formation of the public opinion. The present research searched to join quantitative and qualitative aspects objectifying to analyze and to compare the content of the journalistic texts on drugs, published in the Brazilian press in the years of 2000 and 2003, as well as understanding the process of construction of these notice from the referential of its authors. For in such a way, two complementary studies had been carried through:a) the analysis of content of 2.510 substances (1.110 in 2000 and 1.400 in 2003) extracted by clipping of main periodicals and magazines of Brazil; and b) the analysis of the speech of the professionals of the communication area (N=22) authors of substances on drugs, gotten for half-structuralized, recorded and transcribing interviews literally. Between the analyzed journalistic substances as much for the tobacco was verified that how much for the alcohol, the public politics had predominated relative subjects, while that for the too much drugs (marijuana, derived from the cocaine and texts on drugs in general way) the texts had been more restricted to the negative consequences of the use and to the traffic of drugs. Among the years of 2000 and 2003 was observed an increase of substances on politics related to the alcohol while for marijuana and cocaine increased the number of substances that had used pejoratives terms. About half of the texts analyzed in both the years they had been of the type notices. In relation to the speech of the professionals, the majority considered weak the journalistic covering on the subject, pointing difficulties such as the lack of ampler knowledge on the subject, as well as the scarce time with respect to the elaboration of substances with bigger depth. The results confirm the exaggeration between the press and epidemiology, as well as the superficiality with that a so complex subject is dealt. Moreover, so that it more has an adjusted covering of the subject is necessary a bigger qualification of the professionals of the communication area, as well as a bigger approach of these with professionals and academics of the health area.
The journalism exerts an important paper in the social construction of the reality and directly is related to the process of formation of the public opinion. The present research searched to join quantitative and qualitative aspects objectifying to analyze and to compare the content of the journalistic texts on drugs, published in the Brazilian press in the years of 2000 and 2003, as well as understanding the process of construction of these notice from the referential of its authors. For in such a way, two complementary studies had been carried through:a) the analysis of content of 2.510 substances (1.110 in 2000 and 1.400 in 2003) extracted by clipping of main periodicals and magazines of Brazil; and b) the analysis of the speech of the professionals of the communication area (N=22) authors of substances on drugs, gotten for half-structuralized, recorded and transcribing interviews literally. Between the analyzed journalistic substances as much for the tobacco was verified that how much for the alcohol, the public politics had predominated relative subjects, while that for the too much drugs (marijuana, derived from the cocaine and texts on drugs in general way) the texts had been more restricted to the negative consequences of the use and to the traffic of drugs. Among the years of 2000 and 2003 was observed an increase of substances on politics related to the alcohol while for marijuana and cocaine increased the number of substances that had used pejoratives terms. About half of the texts analyzed in both the years they had been of the type notices. In relation to the speech of the professionals, the majority considered weak the journalistic covering on the subject, pointing difficulties such as the lack of ampler knowledge on the subject, as well as the scarce time with respect to the elaboration of substances with bigger depth. The results confirm the exaggeration between the press and epidemiology, as well as the superficiality with that a so complex subject is dealt. Moreover, so that it more has an adjusted covering of the subject is necessary a bigger qualification of the professionals of the communication area, as well as a bigger approach of these with professionals and academics of the health area.
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Citação
MASTROIANNI, Fábio de Carvalho. As drogas psicotrópicas e a imprensa brasileira: Análise do material publicado e do discurso dos profissionais da área de jornalismo. 2006. 125 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2006.