Consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma universidade federal brasileira durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2
Data
2022-12-12
Autores
Lima, Karla Helene Marques [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: As medidas de segurança sanitária decorrentes da pandemia do vírus SARS-CoV-2 levaram a mudanças no setor educacional, com transição dos currículos escolares para uma modalidade não presencial. Com essas medidas, os estudantes universitários sofreram interrupções que geraram preocupações quanto à sua saúde mental e ao uso de álcool, por ser uma população que habitualmente apresenta risco para o uso dessa substância. Objetivo geral: Investigar o padrão de uso de álcool entre estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 e analisar a aplicabilidade e eficácia de uma intervenção breve online para aqueles com padrão de uso de risco de álcool. Objetivos específicos: Estudo 1 - Comparar o padrão de uso de álcool entre estudantes universitários de uma universidade federal brasileira, quinze dias antes e três meses após o início do isolamento social adotado frente à pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Estudo 2 - Identificar o padrão de consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma universidade federal brasileira durante a pandemia e verificar os fatores de risco para padrão de uso de risco. Estudo 3 - Avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção breve online para estudantes identificados com padrão de uso de risco de álcool durante a pandemia. Métodos: Estudo 1 - Quantitativo, longitudinal com coleta de dados realizada em duas etapas: a primeira, presencialmente, nos dias 9, 10 e 11 de março de 2020, e a segunda, realizada por meio de formulário online, entre os meses de junho e julho de 2020. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Estudo 2 - Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e de delineamento transversal no qual se aplicou um questionário sociodemográfico e o AUDIT em 413 estudantes durante a pandemia. Estudo 3 - Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado para avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção breve online sobre o padrão de uso de risco de álcool em estudantes universitários durante a pandemia. Participaram 42 estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira. As avaliações foram realizadas em três momentos: avaliação inicial (T0), reavaliação após 15 dias (T1) e após 2 meses (T2). Resultados: Estudo 1 - A primeira etapa foi respondida por 165 estudantes; desses, 100 responderam à etapa online, sendo essa a amostra final do estudo. O escore médio do AUDIT apresentou redução significativa entre os momentos antes e os meses iniciais da pandemia. Houve piora significativa na variável “saúde mental/emocional”, que foi associada à diminuição do escore médio do AUDIT. Estudo 2 - Entre os estudantes, 84,7% se enquadravam no grupo que fazia consumo de baixo risco, e 15,3% no grupo que fazia um consumo de risco. As seguintes variáveis aumentaram as chances de estar na zona de risco para o consumo de álcool durante a pandemia: estado de saúde física “ruim”; hábito de fumar e uso de medicamentos por conta própria. Estudo 3 - No ensaio clínico, houve diminuição do consumo de álcool entre T0 e T1 e entre TO e T2, independentemente do grupo. Não foram detectadas diferenças entre as médias dos grupos ao comparar os diferentes momentos de avaliação. No entanto, estudantes do grupo experimental mudaram sua classificação de padrão de álcool após a intervenção BASICS, obtendo padrão de uso sem risco; enquanto os estudantes do grupo controle permaneceram com padrão de uso de risco. Conclusão: Estudo 1 - O padrão de consumo de álcool entre universitários mudou nos meses iniciais de isolamento social em relação ao período anterior à pandemia, sendo que houve menor uso de risco nos meses iniciais da pandemia. A piora da saúde mental foi associada à alteração no padrão de uso de álcool durante a pandemia. Estudo 2 - Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudantes apresentaram um consumo de álcool de baixo risco durante os primeiros seis meses de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Aqueles que relataram seu estado de saúde física como ruim, que tinham o hábito de fumar e que consumiram medicação por conta própria ou de maneira diferente da forma prescrita por profissional, apresentaram maiores chances de estarem na zona de risco para uso de álcool. Estudo 3 - Nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre o grupo controle e o experimental após a intervenção breve online. No entanto, aqueles que participaram da intervenção mudaram seu padrão de álcool para não risco, enquanto os do grupo controle permaneceram na zona de risco. Sugere-se o acompanhamento dessa população, principalmente com o retorno às aulas presenciais.
Introduction: The health security measures resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic led to changes in the education sector, with the transition of school curricula to a non-face-to-face modality. With these measures, university students suffered interruptions that generated worries about their mental health and alcohol use, as this is a population that is usually at risk for the use of this substance. General objective: To investigate the pattern of alcohol use among university students during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic and to analyze the applicability and effectiveness of a brief online intervention for those with risky alcohol use pattern. Specific objectives: Study 1 - To compare the pattern of alcohol use among university students at a Brazilian federal university, fifteen days before and three months after the beginning of social isolation adopted in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Study 2 - To identify the pattern of alcohol consumption among students at a Brazilian federal university during the pandemic and to verify risk factors for risky alcohol use pattern. Study 3 – To evaluate the effects of a brief online intervention for students identified with a risky alcohol use pattern during the pandemic. Methods: Study 1 – Quantitative and longitudinal study with data collection carried out in two waves: the first, in person, on March 9, 10 and 11, 2020, and the second, carried out through an online form, between the months of June and July, 2020. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Study 2 - Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study in which a sociodemographic questionnaire and the AUDIT were applied to 413 students during the pandemic. Study 3 - Longitudinal randomized clinical trial, carried out to evaluate the effect of a brief online intervention on risky alcohol use pattern among university students during the pandemic. 42 university students participated in the study. Assessments were performed at three times: initial assessment (T0), follow-up after 15 days (T1) and after 2 months (T2). Results: Study 1 - The first wave was answered by 165 students; of these, 100 responded to the online stage, which was the final sample of the study. The mean AUDIT score showed a significant reduction between the moments before and the initial months of the pandemic. There was a significant worsening in the variable “mental/emotional health”, which was associated with a decrease in the mean AUDIT score. Study 2 - Among the students, 84.7% were in the low-risk consumption group, and 15.3% in the risky. The following variables increased the chances of being in the risk zone for alcohol consumption during the pandemic: “poor” physical health status; smoking and self-medication. Study 3 - In the clinical trial, there was a decrease in alcohol consumption between T0 and T1 and between TO and T2, regardless of the group. No differences were detected between the means of the groups when comparing the different evaluation moments. However, students in the experimental group changed their alcohol pattern classification after the BASICS intervention, obtaining a non-risk use pattern, while the students in the control group remained with a risky use pattern. Conclusion: Study 1 - The pattern of alcohol consumption among university students changed in the initial months of social isolation in relation to the period before the pandemic, with lower risk use in the initial months of the pandemic. Worsening mental health was associated with a change in the pattern of alcohol use during the pandemic. Study 2 - The results indicate that most students had low-risk alcohol consumption during the first six months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Those who reported their physical health status as poor, who smoked and consumed medication on their own or in a different way as prescribed by a professional were more likely to be in the risk zone for alcohol use. Study 3 - No significant differences was detected between control and experimental group after the brief online intervention. However, those who participated in the intervention changed their alcohol pattern to a non-risk while those in the control group remained in the risk zone. Monitoring of this population is suggested, especially with the return to face-to-face classes.
Introduction: The health security measures resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic led to changes in the education sector, with the transition of school curricula to a non-face-to-face modality. With these measures, university students suffered interruptions that generated worries about their mental health and alcohol use, as this is a population that is usually at risk for the use of this substance. General objective: To investigate the pattern of alcohol use among university students during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic and to analyze the applicability and effectiveness of a brief online intervention for those with risky alcohol use pattern. Specific objectives: Study 1 - To compare the pattern of alcohol use among university students at a Brazilian federal university, fifteen days before and three months after the beginning of social isolation adopted in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Study 2 - To identify the pattern of alcohol consumption among students at a Brazilian federal university during the pandemic and to verify risk factors for risky alcohol use pattern. Study 3 – To evaluate the effects of a brief online intervention for students identified with a risky alcohol use pattern during the pandemic. Methods: Study 1 – Quantitative and longitudinal study with data collection carried out in two waves: the first, in person, on March 9, 10 and 11, 2020, and the second, carried out through an online form, between the months of June and July, 2020. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Study 2 - Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study in which a sociodemographic questionnaire and the AUDIT were applied to 413 students during the pandemic. Study 3 - Longitudinal randomized clinical trial, carried out to evaluate the effect of a brief online intervention on risky alcohol use pattern among university students during the pandemic. 42 university students participated in the study. Assessments were performed at three times: initial assessment (T0), follow-up after 15 days (T1) and after 2 months (T2). Results: Study 1 - The first wave was answered by 165 students; of these, 100 responded to the online stage, which was the final sample of the study. The mean AUDIT score showed a significant reduction between the moments before and the initial months of the pandemic. There was a significant worsening in the variable “mental/emotional health”, which was associated with a decrease in the mean AUDIT score. Study 2 - Among the students, 84.7% were in the low-risk consumption group, and 15.3% in the risky. The following variables increased the chances of being in the risk zone for alcohol consumption during the pandemic: “poor” physical health status; smoking and self-medication. Study 3 - In the clinical trial, there was a decrease in alcohol consumption between T0 and T1 and between TO and T2, regardless of the group. No differences were detected between the means of the groups when comparing the different evaluation moments. However, students in the experimental group changed their alcohol pattern classification after the BASICS intervention, obtaining a non-risk use pattern, while the students in the control group remained with a risky use pattern. Conclusion: Study 1 - The pattern of alcohol consumption among university students changed in the initial months of social isolation in relation to the period before the pandemic, with lower risk use in the initial months of the pandemic. Worsening mental health was associated with a change in the pattern of alcohol use during the pandemic. Study 2 - The results indicate that most students had low-risk alcohol consumption during the first six months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Those who reported their physical health status as poor, who smoked and consumed medication on their own or in a different way as prescribed by a professional were more likely to be in the risk zone for alcohol use. Study 3 - No significant differences was detected between control and experimental group after the brief online intervention. However, those who participated in the intervention changed their alcohol pattern to a non-risk while those in the control group remained in the risk zone. Monitoring of this population is suggested, especially with the return to face-to-face classes.
Descrição
Citação
LIMA, Karla Helene Marques. Consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma universidade federal brasileira durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. 2022. 161 f. Tese (Doutorado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.