Mapeamento e estudo comparativo dos diferentes processos de produção do etanol
Data
2017
Autores
Silva, Estela de Paula Gomes da [UNIFESP]
Bangalan, Pamella Liza Marques [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Falleiro, Rafael Mauricio Matricarde [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A demanda de energia aumenta cada vez mais junto ao crescimento populacional e a
criação de novas tecnologias. Contudo, o uso de combustíveis fósseis é cada vez menos
apropriado por questões de segurança energética e impactos ambientais. Por conta disso, o uso e
desenvolvimento de biocombustíveis que atendam a esses quesitos ganham papel importante na
sociedade e o etanol é o biocombustível mais utilizado atualmente no mundo. Esse trabalho tem
como objetivo analisar os métodos existentes para a produção do etanol no Brasil, levando em
consideração suas vantagens e desvantagens ambientais e econômicas. Visto a grande
importância da produção desse combustível para o país, foram mapeados os diferentes processos
de produção, as principais regiões produtoras e consumidoras, além dos investimentos existentes
e necessários. Ao comparar as gerações de etanol, percebe-se que o momento ainda não é
propício para as gerações três e quatro e, portanto, foi dado maior detalhamento às duas
primeiras. O etanol celulósico de segunda geração tem grandes vantagens por utilizar parte da
estrutura já existente na primeira geração. Das análises econômicas e ambientais, percebe-se que
o melhor desempenho é atingido ao integrar a produção de segunda geração à usina convencional
de primeira geração. Das análises das regiões produtoras e consumidoras, concluiu-se que a
região Centro-Sul é a mais adequada para a implementação da usina integrada, também por conta
das alternativas logísticas disponíveis para a distribuição do biocombustível. Assim, com os dois
processos caminhando juntos, será possível ultrapassar os entraves existentes e superar os limites
de produção, nos colocando em ótima posição em relação aos outros países.
An increase in energy demand follows population growth and the creation of new technologies. However, the use of fossil fuels becomes less appropriate because of energy security and environmental impacts. On this behalf, the use and development of biofuels that meet these requirements gain an important role in society and ethanol is the most widely used biofuel in the world nowadays. This paper aims the analysis of existing methods for the production of ethanol in Brazil, taking into consideration their environmental and economic advantages and disadvantages. Given the great importance of this biofuel production in Brazil, the different production processes and the main producer and consumer regions were mapped, besides of the existing and necessary investments. By comparing the ethanol generations, it is noticed that the moment is not propitious for third and fourth generations, thus a greater detailing were given for first and second generations. The cellulosic ethanol of second generation has great advantages for utilizing part of the existing structure of first generation. From economic and environmental analysis, it was noticed that a better performance is achieved by integrating second generation production to conventional first generation plant. From analysing all producers and consumers regions, it was concluded that Center-South region is more appropriate for implementation of integrated plant, also because of the available logistics alternatives for the biofuel distribution. Therefore, with both processes moving along it is possible to overcome existing barriers and vanquish production limitations, in order to place Brazil in an excellent position regarding the rest of the word.
An increase in energy demand follows population growth and the creation of new technologies. However, the use of fossil fuels becomes less appropriate because of energy security and environmental impacts. On this behalf, the use and development of biofuels that meet these requirements gain an important role in society and ethanol is the most widely used biofuel in the world nowadays. This paper aims the analysis of existing methods for the production of ethanol in Brazil, taking into consideration their environmental and economic advantages and disadvantages. Given the great importance of this biofuel production in Brazil, the different production processes and the main producer and consumer regions were mapped, besides of the existing and necessary investments. By comparing the ethanol generations, it is noticed that the moment is not propitious for third and fourth generations, thus a greater detailing were given for first and second generations. The cellulosic ethanol of second generation has great advantages for utilizing part of the existing structure of first generation. From economic and environmental analysis, it was noticed that a better performance is achieved by integrating second generation production to conventional first generation plant. From analysing all producers and consumers regions, it was concluded that Center-South region is more appropriate for implementation of integrated plant, also because of the available logistics alternatives for the biofuel distribution. Therefore, with both processes moving along it is possible to overcome existing barriers and vanquish production limitations, in order to place Brazil in an excellent position regarding the rest of the word.