Análise técnica de segurança e viabilidade do transporte de GNL e GLP por vias férreas
Data
2022-07-29
Autores
Candian, Vitor Miguele [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Diniz, Anthony Andrey Ramalho [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O transporte de Gás Natural Liquefeito (GNL), bem como o de Gás Liquefeito de Petróleo
(GLP), há muito tempo tem sido realizado por meio de transporte rodoviário, ou por meio de
gasodutos que, dentre os modais existentes. Dentre essas opções, os gasodutos são considerados
o modal ideal e mais seguro para realizar esse tipo de tarefa. Contudo, para regiões mais
distantes das Unidades de Processamento, o transporte por gasodutos ainda não é uma realidade,
uma vez que para implementá-los é necessário um alto investimento inicial, além do elevado
tempo para realizar o projeto e instalação. Dessa forma, a alternativa utilizada para transportar
esses gases, tem sido exclusivamente por meio rodoviário, porém isso tem apresentado alguns
problemas devido ao alto custo do frete atual, além da necessidade de utilizar uma grande frota
de veículos e viagens para abastecer essas regiões, conforme necessário. Sendo assim, esse
trabalho tem como objetivo, analisar a proposta do transporte de GNL e GLP por vias férreas,
garantindo assim um abastecimento contínuo com grandes volumes de produto e com um valor
de frete mais acessível. Para isso, realizou-se a análise técnica dos prováveis riscos existentes
para o transporte ferroviário desse tipo de produto onde, até o presente momento, é inexistente
no Brasil, mas que se dispõe de linhas ferroviárias. Para essa análise, consultou-se as
especificações técnicas dos produtos citados e, com isso, foi estudado os impactos que o
transporte desses produtos apresentam no cenário ferroviário. Para a realização da pesquisa foi
adotada a metodologia científica fundamentada em pesquisas bibliográficas atuais e consultas
às Fichas de Informações de Segurança dos Produtos Químicos (FISPQ), além de visitas
técnicas à empresas do modal ferroviário. Ao final, verificou-se que a ideia é viável se aplicado
corretamente as orientações e especificações de segurança para o transporte correto e seguro
apresentado no trabalho, para cada produto. Como trabalho futuro, espera-se verificar a
viábilidade econômica aplicando as modificações recomendadas para as composições e vias do
trajeto, além da avaliação dos impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais ao longo do trecho, em
caso de incêndio ou vazamento de GLP e GNL.
The transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), as well as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), has long been carried out by road transport, or by means of gas pipelines, among the existing modes. Among these options, pipelines are considered the ideal and safest modal to perform this type of task. However, for regions further away from the Processing Units, transport by gas pipelines is not yet a reality, since to implement them a high initial investment is required, in addition to the long time to carry out the design and installation. Thus, the alternative used to transport these gases has been exclusively by road, but this has presented some problems due to the high cost of current freight, in addition to the need to use a large fleet of vehicles and trips to supply these regions, as required. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the proposal of transporting LNG and LPG by rail, thus ensuring a continuous supply with large volumes of product and a more affordable freight value. For this, a technical analysis was carried out of the probable existing risks for the rail transport of this type of product where, until the present moment, it is non-existent in Brazil, but which rail lines are available. For this analysis, the technical specifications of the mentioned products were consulted and, with this, the impacts that the transport of these products have on the railway scenario were studied. To carry out the research, a scientific methodology was adopted, based on current bibliographic research and consultations with Safety Information Sheets for Chemical Products (FISPQ), in addition to technical visits to companies in the railway modal. In the end, it was found that the idea is viable if correctly applied the guidelines and safety specifications for the correct and safe transport presented at work, for each product. As a future work, it is expected to verify the economic viability by applying the recommended modifications to the compositions and routes of the route, in addition to the evaluation of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts along the stretch, in case of fire or leakage of LPG and LNG.
The transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), as well as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), has long been carried out by road transport, or by means of gas pipelines, among the existing modes. Among these options, pipelines are considered the ideal and safest modal to perform this type of task. However, for regions further away from the Processing Units, transport by gas pipelines is not yet a reality, since to implement them a high initial investment is required, in addition to the long time to carry out the design and installation. Thus, the alternative used to transport these gases has been exclusively by road, but this has presented some problems due to the high cost of current freight, in addition to the need to use a large fleet of vehicles and trips to supply these regions, as required. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the proposal of transporting LNG and LPG by rail, thus ensuring a continuous supply with large volumes of product and a more affordable freight value. For this, a technical analysis was carried out of the probable existing risks for the rail transport of this type of product where, until the present moment, it is non-existent in Brazil, but which rail lines are available. For this analysis, the technical specifications of the mentioned products were consulted and, with this, the impacts that the transport of these products have on the railway scenario were studied. To carry out the research, a scientific methodology was adopted, based on current bibliographic research and consultations with Safety Information Sheets for Chemical Products (FISPQ), in addition to technical visits to companies in the railway modal. In the end, it was found that the idea is viable if correctly applied the guidelines and safety specifications for the correct and safe transport presented at work, for each product. As a future work, it is expected to verify the economic viability by applying the recommended modifications to the compositions and routes of the route, in addition to the evaluation of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts along the stretch, in case of fire or leakage of LPG and LNG.
Descrição
Citação
CANDIAN, Vitor Miguele. Análise técnica de segurança e viabilidade do transporte de GNL e GLP por vias férreas. 2022. 40 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Petróleo) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.