Olhar e ouvir as crianças sob a perspectiva antropológica: significados das formas de comunicação de crianças na educação infantil
Data
2021
Autores
Oliveira, Simone Carvalho de [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Nakamura, Eunice [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de Educação Infantil do município de Santos, tendo como objetivo geral, por meio do diálogo entre as Ciências Sociais, particularmente a Antropologia e a Saúde, investigar as formas de comunicação das crianças a partir dos aspectos socioculturais envolvidos. Buscou-se problematizar as interações das crianças, entre elas e com as adultas, e observá-las enquanto sujeitos sociais completos e em transformação. A pesquisa teve como base o método etnográfico, utilizando a técnica da observação participante, para compreender as crianças e a linguagem em um contexto sociocultural específico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as crianças se expressam o tempo todo na rotina da creche. Elas parecem brincar de se comunicar e é por meio dessa liberdade de manipular a comunicação que elas adquirem, elaboram, mas também produzem e expressam a cultura. As crianças transgridem as regras o tempo todo, dialogam com as adultas e seus pares por meio da linguagem padrão compartilhada, mas também parecem vivenciar a comunicação de maneira diferente, nem sempre compreendida ou considerada adequada pelas adultas. Elas operam gestos, sons, olhares, palavras, gritos, melodias, movimentos, isolados e combinados. Muitas dessas formas são consideradas inadequadas e, portanto, inibidas pelas adultas no seu papel de educadora. Outras formas de comunicação podem não ser reconhecidas pelas adultas por imprimir um caráter diferente do repertório cultural estabelecido. Porém, o que pode ser visto como uma maneira simplificada de se comunicar, na verdade, parece representar a dificuldade das adultas em reconhecer nas várias formas de comunicação das crianças o caráter dinâmico da cultura e o papel ativo que elas desempenham nesse processo de transformação criativa.
The current study was carried out in an Early Childhood Education unit in the city of Santos, whose general aim, through the dialogue between Social Sciences field, specifically Anthropology and Health, was to investigate the forms of communication of children from the socio-cultural aspects involved. The research problematizes children's interactions between adults and themselves, and observes them as a whole social subject going through a constant transformation process. The research was based on the ethnographic method, using the technique of participant observation to understand children and language settled in a specific socio-cultural context. The obtained results showed that children express themselves all the time in the nursery’s routine. They seem to play interacting and it is through this freedom to manipulate multiple forms of communication that they acquire, elaborate, and also produce and express culture. Children transgress all the time, they dialogue with adults and their peers through the standard shared language, but they also seem to experience communication differently, not always in a way understandable or considered adequate by adults. They use gestures, sounds, looks, words, screams, melodies and movements: isolated and combined. Many of these communication forms are considered inadequate, and, therefore, inhibited by adults in the role of educators. Other forms of interaction may not be recognized by adults due to their distinction from the usual repertoire established by the cultural background. However, what might be viewed as a simplified way of communicating, seems, in fact, to reveal the difficulty of adults to recognize in children’s communication forms the dynamic quality of culture and the active role of children in this creative transformation.
The current study was carried out in an Early Childhood Education unit in the city of Santos, whose general aim, through the dialogue between Social Sciences field, specifically Anthropology and Health, was to investigate the forms of communication of children from the socio-cultural aspects involved. The research problematizes children's interactions between adults and themselves, and observes them as a whole social subject going through a constant transformation process. The research was based on the ethnographic method, using the technique of participant observation to understand children and language settled in a specific socio-cultural context. The obtained results showed that children express themselves all the time in the nursery’s routine. They seem to play interacting and it is through this freedom to manipulate multiple forms of communication that they acquire, elaborate, and also produce and express culture. Children transgress all the time, they dialogue with adults and their peers through the standard shared language, but they also seem to experience communication differently, not always in a way understandable or considered adequate by adults. They use gestures, sounds, looks, words, screams, melodies and movements: isolated and combined. Many of these communication forms are considered inadequate, and, therefore, inhibited by adults in the role of educators. Other forms of interaction may not be recognized by adults due to their distinction from the usual repertoire established by the cultural background. However, what might be viewed as a simplified way of communicating, seems, in fact, to reveal the difficulty of adults to recognize in children’s communication forms the dynamic quality of culture and the active role of children in this creative transformation.
Descrição
Citação
OLIVEIRA, Simone Carvalho de. Olhar e ouvir as crianças sob a perspectiva antropológica: significados das formas de comunicação de crianças na educação infantil. 2021. 149 f. Tese (Doutorado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.