Impacto das fake news na vacinação contra o sarampo na população brasileira
Data
2022-02-03
Autores
Medeiros, Cláudia Nascimento Prestes [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Batista, Patrícia Xander [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A vacinação para o sarampo é considerada a melhor prevenção para a doença. Com a imunização efetiva e a ampla cobertura vacinal, acima de 95%, a doença foi erradicada no Brasil. Contudo, nos últimos anos surtos recentes de sarampo têm surgido, especialmente nos locais onde houve as mais baixas coberturas vacinais. Este trabalho de conclusão de curso tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a cobertura vacinal na rede pública brasileira, especialmente contra o sarampo, e como a baixa adesão da população às campanhas de vacinação pode estar relacionada com a divulgação de falsas notícias (conhecidas como “fake news”). Para tanto, foram consultados dados epidemiológicos do Ministério da Saúde e artigos científicos a partir de 2015. A demonstração que houve baixa cobertura vacinal em todas as regiões do Brasil e surtos do sarampo em diversos Estados da Federação apontam para a constatada tendência mundial de hesitação vacinal por parte da população. A rápida e intensa disseminação de notícias falsas desacreditando a importância da vacinação devido a popularização de aplicativos de uso cotidiano, como Whatsapp e Facebook, pode ter contribuído para o comportamento de hesitação vacinal. Frases sensacionalistas e alarmantes na área da saúde disseminadas em massa trazem consequências preocupantes, pois podem interferir no julgamento das pessoas, fazendo com que optem pela não vacinação. Além disso, o surgimento da epidemia de Covid-19 fez com que a população se isolasse e a agenda de vacinação de 2020 foi prejudicada. O medo de sair de casa para vacinação de outras doenças, como o sarampo, pode levar a novos surtos da doença. Em conclusão, a baixa cobertura vacinal para o sarampo a partir de 2016 e o surgimento de surtos da doença no Brasil parece ter relação com a disseminação de notícias falsas em redes sociais e sites não confiáveis. O entendimento de diversos autores é que essas falsas notícias podem interferir no julgamento das pessoas a respeito da vacinação.
Measles vaccination is considered the best prevention for the disease. The adequate immunization and wide vaccination coverage, above 95%, the disease was eradicated in Brazil. However, recent measles outbreaks have emerged in recent years, especially in places where there was the lowest vaccination coverage. This work aims to carry out a literature review on vaccination coverage in the Brazilian public network, especially against measles, and how the population's low adherence to vaccination campaigns may be related to disseminating false news (known as “fake news”). Epidemiological data from the Ministry of Health and scientific articles from 2015 were consulted. The demonstration that there was low vaccination coverage in all regions of Brazil and measles outbreaks in several States of the Federation point to the observed worldwide trend of vaccination hesitation on the part of the population. The rapid and intense dissemination of false news discrediting the importance of vaccination due to the popularization of some apps, such as Whatsapp and Facebook, may have contributed to the vaccine hesitation behavior. Sensational and alarming phrases in health have worrying consequences. They can interfere with people's judgment, making them opt for non-vaccination. In addition, the emergence of the Covid-19 epidemic has isolated the population, and the 2020 vaccination agenda has been undermined. The fear of leaving home to be vaccinated for other diseases, such as measles, can lead to new disease outbreaks. In conclusion, the low measles vaccination coverage as of 2016 and the emergence of outbreaks of the disease in Brazil seem to be related to disseminating false news on social networks and unreliable websites. The understanding of several authors is that this false news can interfere with people's judgment about vaccination.
Measles vaccination is considered the best prevention for the disease. The adequate immunization and wide vaccination coverage, above 95%, the disease was eradicated in Brazil. However, recent measles outbreaks have emerged in recent years, especially in places where there was the lowest vaccination coverage. This work aims to carry out a literature review on vaccination coverage in the Brazilian public network, especially against measles, and how the population's low adherence to vaccination campaigns may be related to disseminating false news (known as “fake news”). Epidemiological data from the Ministry of Health and scientific articles from 2015 were consulted. The demonstration that there was low vaccination coverage in all regions of Brazil and measles outbreaks in several States of the Federation point to the observed worldwide trend of vaccination hesitation on the part of the population. The rapid and intense dissemination of false news discrediting the importance of vaccination due to the popularization of some apps, such as Whatsapp and Facebook, may have contributed to the vaccine hesitation behavior. Sensational and alarming phrases in health have worrying consequences. They can interfere with people's judgment, making them opt for non-vaccination. In addition, the emergence of the Covid-19 epidemic has isolated the population, and the 2020 vaccination agenda has been undermined. The fear of leaving home to be vaccinated for other diseases, such as measles, can lead to new disease outbreaks. In conclusion, the low measles vaccination coverage as of 2016 and the emergence of outbreaks of the disease in Brazil seem to be related to disseminating false news on social networks and unreliable websites. The understanding of several authors is that this false news can interfere with people's judgment about vaccination.