Nostalgia do Reino: revelação e redenção em Franz Rosenzweig
Data
2021-05-27
Autores
Silva, Cicero Lourenço da
Orientadores
Matos, Olgária Chain Féres
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O judaísmo moderno, iniciado sob o ímpeto do projeto civilizatório iluminista, caracterizou-se por uma reformulação de importantes ensinamentos da tradição, dentre os quais os de messianismo e redenção. Presentes na obra do filósofo judeu alemão Franz Rosenzweig (1886–1929), ambos os conceitos serão repensados após o filósofo haver abandonado sua herança idealista, sob o pano de fundo daqueles acontecimentos históricos do início de século XX – período marcado principalmente pela Primeira Guerra Mundial e a Revolução Russa. Não obstante, o judaísmo que lemos em Rosenzweig é um judaísmo renovado, enriquecido por um certo estranhamento com a experiência moderna, que o filósofo vivencia ambiguamente, e por isso a ressalva. Sua filosofia constrói-se a partir de um processo de desassimilação e mostra-se, por conseguinte, bastante crítica da onda iluminista que a precede, ainda que não apele a um retorno conservador à tradição. Após explicitarmos o momento histórico refratário ao pensamento filosófico-religioso consolidado pela Ilustração, veremos de que forma Rosenzweig se lhe opõe, na construção de um filosofar sob uma chave judaica a que chamou de novo pensamento. Este novo fundamento filosófico emerge após as rupturas que empreende em seu itinerário intelectual: o abandono do idealismo e teodicéia hegelianos, sua reconversão ao judaísmo, sua recusa da teologia liberal. O resultado é a construção de uma filosofia da redenção, em cuja economia se destaca a ação missionária cristã a articular-se com a particularidade judaica. A visão da redenção que fecha sua magnum opus explicita de que forma o filosofar de Rosenzweig lança mão de categorias místico-teológicas no seu sistema, e assim consolida uma contribuição original para a renovação da filosofia judaica. As considerações finais sublinham a pertinência acadêmica e existencial da problemática fé e razão de filosofias como a de Franz Rosenzweig.
Modern Judaism, founded under the impetus of the civilizing project of the Enlightenment, was characterized by a reformulation of important traditional teachings, among which those of messianism and redemption. Present in the writings of jewish German philosopher Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) both concepts are to be reconsidered after he leaves his hegelian heritage, judged against the background of those historical events of the early 20th century – a time marked specially by the First World War and the Russian Revolution. However, Judaism as we read it in Rosenzweig presents itself renewed and enriched by a certain strangeness towards modern experience, which our philosopher experiences ambiguously, the reasons why he amends it. His philosophy is constructed from a process of dissimilation and presents itself, therefore, rather critical of the Enlightenment trend which precedes it, even though he does not call on a conservative return to tradition. After viewing Rosenzweig as a thinker resistant to the liberal theological historical moment buttressed by the Illustration principles, we will see how he opposes the latter by edifying a way of philosophizing under a judaic key he entitled the new thinking. Such new philosophical ground emerges after some ruptures Rosenzweig went through, namely, his abandonment of hegelian Idealism and theodicy, his reconversion to Judaism and his refusal of liberal theology. The outcome is the construction of a philosophy of redemption in whose economy Christian missionary action is highlighted along with jewish particularism. The view of Redemption which brings to a close his Magnum opus shows how Rosenzweig´s thinking takes mystical-theological categories to his system, bringing, thus, his original contribution to the renewal of jewish philosophy. The concluding remarks underline both the academic relevance as well as existential of the Faith x reason problem, in such philosophies as those of Franz Rosenzweig´s.
Modern Judaism, founded under the impetus of the civilizing project of the Enlightenment, was characterized by a reformulation of important traditional teachings, among which those of messianism and redemption. Present in the writings of jewish German philosopher Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) both concepts are to be reconsidered after he leaves his hegelian heritage, judged against the background of those historical events of the early 20th century – a time marked specially by the First World War and the Russian Revolution. However, Judaism as we read it in Rosenzweig presents itself renewed and enriched by a certain strangeness towards modern experience, which our philosopher experiences ambiguously, the reasons why he amends it. His philosophy is constructed from a process of dissimilation and presents itself, therefore, rather critical of the Enlightenment trend which precedes it, even though he does not call on a conservative return to tradition. After viewing Rosenzweig as a thinker resistant to the liberal theological historical moment buttressed by the Illustration principles, we will see how he opposes the latter by edifying a way of philosophizing under a judaic key he entitled the new thinking. Such new philosophical ground emerges after some ruptures Rosenzweig went through, namely, his abandonment of hegelian Idealism and theodicy, his reconversion to Judaism and his refusal of liberal theology. The outcome is the construction of a philosophy of redemption in whose economy Christian missionary action is highlighted along with jewish particularism. The view of Redemption which brings to a close his Magnum opus shows how Rosenzweig´s thinking takes mystical-theological categories to his system, bringing, thus, his original contribution to the renewal of jewish philosophy. The concluding remarks underline both the academic relevance as well as existential of the Faith x reason problem, in such philosophies as those of Franz Rosenzweig´s.
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Citação
SILVA, Cicero L., Nostalgia do Reino - Revelação e Redenção em Franz Rosenzweig