Os impactos sociais e de saúde do anticoncepcional hormonal oral na vida da mulher
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Data
2021-02-11
Autores
Oliveira, Laura Alves de [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Nappo, Solange Aparecida [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Resumo
A descoberta e posterior comercialização do anticoncepcional hormonal oral foi um marco que uniu as reivindicações sociais da época. Ainda, atrelando os hormônios sexuais estrógeno e progesterona ao comportamento das mulheres, foram abertas as portas para o início desta inovação que se tornou um dos métodos contraceptivos mais utilizados pelo público feminino atualmente. Juntos, os hormônios agem no organismo mimetizando a funcionalidade do estrógeno e progesterona endógenos, impedindo que ocorra o processo de ovulação, e, consequentemente, a fertilização. O anticoncepcional hormonal oral é útil para outras indicações além da contracepção como quadros de endometriose e síndrome do ovário policístico, por outro lado, apresenta efeitos adversos que podem comprometer a saúde da mulher.
Existem fatores contribuintes para a ocorrência do uso irracional deste medicamento. Algumas empresas realizaram a divulgação de benefícios secundários que o anticoncepcional hormonal oral pode oferecer como função principal para promover sua venda. No Brasil, a abertura para uso irracional ocorre por ser um medicamento onde a venda sem receita médica não é incentivada, é sinalizado no próprio medicamento, porém ocorre.
Frente a este cenário, o presente trabalho apresenta os impactos, em um contexto social e de saúde, do anticoncepcional hormonal oral na vida da mulher. Analisa, através da revisão da literatura, que a responsabilidade da contracepção foi atrelada a mulher sem dar a devida importância para as consequências e demonstrando que o olhar para chance de ocorrência de fatores de risco de acordo com cada perfil individual é fundamental ao considerar este medicamento para uso. Ressalta-se que atualmente existem outras opções de métodos contraceptivos que não utilizam hormônios e devem chegar ao alcance do conhecimento da população. Foram pesquisados artigos em bases cientifcas como Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Web of Science e PubMed e livros que possuíam em seu conteúdo o assunto buscado. A metodologia adotada para busca foram artigos e livros publicados entre os anos de 1994 e 2020 em idiomas em português, espanhol e inglês.
The discovery and subsequent commercialization of oral hormonal contraceptives was a milestone that united the social demands of the time and, linking the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone to the behavior of women, the doors were opened for the beginning of this innovation that has become one of the most effective contraceptive methods. used by women today. Together, the hormones act in the body mimicking the functionality of endogenous estrogen and progesterone, preventing the ovulation process from occurring and, consequently, fertilization. The oral hormonal contraceptive is useful for other indications besides contraception such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, on the other hand, it has adverse effects that can compromise the woman's health. There are contributing factors to the occurrence of irrational use of this medication. Some companies have publicized the secondary benefits that oral hormonal contraceptives can offer as a main function to promote their sale. In Brazil, the opening for irrational use occurs because it is a drug where the sale without a prescription is not encouraged, it is signaled on the medication itself, however it occurs. Faced with this scenario, the present work presents the impacts, in a social and health context, of oral hormonal contraceptives on the woman's life, analyzing, through the literature review, that the responsibility of contraception was tied to the woman without giving due importance for the consequences and demonstrating that looking at the chance of occurrence of risk factors according to each individual profile is fundamental when considering this medication for use, emphasizing that currently there are other options of contraceptive methods that do not use hormones and must reach knowledge of the population. Articles were searched in scientific bases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed and books that had the subject in their content. The methodology adopted for the search was articles and books published between 1994 and 2020 in languages in Portuguese, Spanish and English.
The discovery and subsequent commercialization of oral hormonal contraceptives was a milestone that united the social demands of the time and, linking the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone to the behavior of women, the doors were opened for the beginning of this innovation that has become one of the most effective contraceptive methods. used by women today. Together, the hormones act in the body mimicking the functionality of endogenous estrogen and progesterone, preventing the ovulation process from occurring and, consequently, fertilization. The oral hormonal contraceptive is useful for other indications besides contraception such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, on the other hand, it has adverse effects that can compromise the woman's health. There are contributing factors to the occurrence of irrational use of this medication. Some companies have publicized the secondary benefits that oral hormonal contraceptives can offer as a main function to promote their sale. In Brazil, the opening for irrational use occurs because it is a drug where the sale without a prescription is not encouraged, it is signaled on the medication itself, however it occurs. Faced with this scenario, the present work presents the impacts, in a social and health context, of oral hormonal contraceptives on the woman's life, analyzing, through the literature review, that the responsibility of contraception was tied to the woman without giving due importance for the consequences and demonstrating that looking at the chance of occurrence of risk factors according to each individual profile is fundamental when considering this medication for use, emphasizing that currently there are other options of contraceptive methods that do not use hormones and must reach knowledge of the population. Articles were searched in scientific bases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed and books that had the subject in their content. The methodology adopted for the search was articles and books published between 1994 and 2020 in languages in Portuguese, Spanish and English.