Análise dos efeitos da exposição ao ambiente enriquecido sobre as alterações do metabolismo desencadeadas pelo estresse neonatal em ratos wistar
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Data
2018-12-05
Autores
Carvalho, Lucas Emanuel Oliveira [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Castro, Glaucia Monteiro de [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Resumo
Atualmente numerosos estudos fornecem evidencias de que desordens psiquiátricas,
metabólicas, cardíaca e imunológica, tem sua gênese determinada pelo estresse neonatal. O estresse
neonatal mediado pela ativação do eixo Hipotalâmico-Pituitária-Adrenal (HPA) promove alterações
nas estruturas do sistema límbico, especialmente no hipocampo, amígdala e córtex pré-frontal. Em
face às evidências de que durante os períodos perinatais a criança é um campo aberto aos diversos
tipos de estímulos ambientais, hipotetizamos que os efeitos deletérios provenientes da negligência
neonatal, podem ser revertidos ou atenuados com a estimulação em ambiente enriquecido (AE). O
AE é especialmente planejado para estimular, as atividades sensoriais, motoras, cognitivas e de
interação social entre os animais, gerando uma melhora na aprendizagem espacial, na memória e no
comportamento social. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da exposição ao
ambiente enriquecido em animais submetidos ao estresse neonatal. Para tanto, foram utilizadas
fêmeas Wistar prenhes, provenientes do CEDEME e após 48 horas do nascimento da prole, foram
distribuídas em três grupos diferentes: controle (CTL), estresse (ES) e estresse com exposição ao
ambiente enriquecido (EAE). Os animais foram pesados de dois em dois dias e foram realizados testes
de atividade (actimetria), teste de campo aberto e teste de tolerância a insulina. Após a eutanásia,
foram realizadas análises de perfil lipídico, análise de proteínas e gorduras de carcaça. Os testes de
atividade e comportamento mostraram maior locomoção, número de cruzamentos e levantamentos
dos grupos estresse e estresse AE em comparação com o grupo controle. Nossos resultados mostraram
que os animais do grupo STR apresenta maior massa corpórea e o grupo STRAE o menor índice na
comparação entre os grupos experimentais. A análise do perfil lipídico demonstrou que os grupos
submetidos ao estresse neonatal (ES e EAE) apresentaram maiores níveis de colesterol total e LDL
(lipoproteína de baixa densidade) em relação ao grupo CTL, evidenciando que o estresse tem efeitos
sobre a alteração do perfil lipídico dos animais. Consistente com os resultados obtidos na massa
corpórea e perfil lipídico, verificou-se que o grupo STR apresentar maior percentual de gordura em
relação ao grupo estresse AE. A partir dos dados analisados, concluímos que o estresse promoveu
alterações sobre o perfil lipídico, a locomoção, o comportamento e a composição corporal dos
animais.
Numerous studies now provide evidence that psychiatric, metabolic, cardiac, and immunological disorders have their genesis determined by neonatal stress. Neonatal stress mediated by activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis promotes changes in limbic system structures, especially in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. In the face of the evidence that during the perinatal periods the child is an open field to the different types of environmental stimuli, we hypothesize that the deleterious effects of neonatal neglect can be reversed or attenuated with stimulation in the enriched environment. The AE is specially designed to stimulate sensory, motor, cognitive and social interaction activities among animals, generating an improvement in spatial learning, memory and social behavior. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of exposure to enriched environment in animals submitted to neonatal stress. In order to do so, pregnant Wistar females were used, from CEDEME and after 48 hours of offspring birth, were divided into three groups: control (CTL), stress (STR) and stress with exposure to the enriched environment (STREE). The animals were weighed every two days and activity tests (actimetry), open field test and insulin tolerance test were performed. After euthanasia, analyzes of lipid profile, protein analysis and carcass fat were carried out. The tests of activity and behavior showed greater locomotion, number of crosses and surveys of the groups stress and AE stress in comparison with the control group. Our results showed that the animals in the STR group had a higher body mass and the STRAE group had the lowest acquisition index among the experimental groups. The analysis of the lipid profile showed that the groups submitted to neonatal stress (STR and STRAE) presented higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL (low density lipoprotein) compared to the CTL group, showing that stress has effects on the alteration of the lipid profile of the animals. Consistent with the results obtained in the body mass and lipid profile, it was verified that the STR group presented a higher percentage of fat in relation to the AE stress group. From the data analyzed, we conclude that stress promoted changes on the lipid profile, locomotion, behavior and body composition of the animals
Numerous studies now provide evidence that psychiatric, metabolic, cardiac, and immunological disorders have their genesis determined by neonatal stress. Neonatal stress mediated by activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis promotes changes in limbic system structures, especially in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. In the face of the evidence that during the perinatal periods the child is an open field to the different types of environmental stimuli, we hypothesize that the deleterious effects of neonatal neglect can be reversed or attenuated with stimulation in the enriched environment. The AE is specially designed to stimulate sensory, motor, cognitive and social interaction activities among animals, generating an improvement in spatial learning, memory and social behavior. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of exposure to enriched environment in animals submitted to neonatal stress. In order to do so, pregnant Wistar females were used, from CEDEME and after 48 hours of offspring birth, were divided into three groups: control (CTL), stress (STR) and stress with exposure to the enriched environment (STREE). The animals were weighed every two days and activity tests (actimetry), open field test and insulin tolerance test were performed. After euthanasia, analyzes of lipid profile, protein analysis and carcass fat were carried out. The tests of activity and behavior showed greater locomotion, number of crosses and surveys of the groups stress and AE stress in comparison with the control group. Our results showed that the animals in the STR group had a higher body mass and the STRAE group had the lowest acquisition index among the experimental groups. The analysis of the lipid profile showed that the groups submitted to neonatal stress (STR and STRAE) presented higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL (low density lipoprotein) compared to the CTL group, showing that stress has effects on the alteration of the lipid profile of the animals. Consistent with the results obtained in the body mass and lipid profile, it was verified that the STR group presented a higher percentage of fat in relation to the AE stress group. From the data analyzed, we conclude that stress promoted changes on the lipid profile, locomotion, behavior and body composition of the animals
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Citação
CARVALHO, Lucas Emanuel Oliveira. Análise dos efeitos da exposição ao ambiente enriquecido sobre as alterações do metabolismo desencadeadas pelo estresse neonatal em ratos wistar. 2018. 30 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Educação Física) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2018.