A geriatria e gerontologia nos currículos formais das escolas médicas do Paraná
Date
2007
Authors
Brasil, Vitor Jorge Woytuski [UNIFESP]
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Batista, Nildo Alves [UNIFESP]
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Dissertação de mestrado
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Journal ISSN
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Abstract
Diante do fenômeno progressivo de envelhecimento populacional e das inúmeras
recomendações internacionais e nacionais para a inclusão de Geriatria e
Gerontologia nos cursos de graduação, como forma de preparar recursos humanos
para um atendimento minimamente qualificado na atenção da população idosa,
vislumbramos a construção desta tese, em que nos propusemos a conhecer como
tem ocorrido o ensino de Geriatria e Gerontologia nas escolas de Medicina do
Paraná; verificar se há uma organização específica para este ensino ou se ele vem
sendo desenvolvido no contexto de outras especialidades e quais seriam os
conteúdos privilegiados neste contexto; realizar a caracterização do perfil dos
docentes responsáveis por este ensino. Para concretizar nossos propósitos,
realizamos uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória nas seis escolas médicas
paranaenses, desenvolvida de forma combinada e predominantemente qualitativa,
utilizando-se como sujeitos os coordenadores de curso e os docentes responsáveis
por este ensino. Obtivemos a resposta de 100% das escolas, com resultados e
discussão sistematizados através da análise de conteúdo, que são apresentados em
três tópicos abordando, respectivamente: No primeiro, “A inserção da Geriatria e
Gerontologia no currículo”, os coordenadores das seis escolas vislumbraram a
necessidade da inserção desta temática no currículo formal, porém apenas 50% das
escolas apresentaram em sua grade curricular uma proposta formal estabelecida.
Nestes casos, estavam organizadas em módulos/disciplinas inseridas
predominantemente no período intermediário do curso médico, e os seus conteúdos
programáticos perpassaram as várias perspectivas relevantes aos aspectos
gerontogeriátricos; No segundo, “Docentes responsáveis pelo ensino de
Geriatria/Gerontologia nas escolas de medicina do Paraná”, a inserção acadêmica
através da clinica médica foi predominante, verificando-se um tempo médio de seis
anos de atividade docente especificamente na área de Geriatria e Gerontologia e
todos possuem pós-graduação. Todos são professores efetivos e possuem
dedicação parcial média de 20 horas/semanais, participando como docentes em
outras disciplinas e cursos da área da saúde. Finalmente, avaliamos “As
perspectivas futuras e sugestões de mudança do ensino da Geriatria na visão dos
docentes”, evidenciando que todos os docentes afirmam a necessidade das escolas
adaptarem-se ao processo de envelhecimento e suas conseqüências médicosociais.
Para isso, enfatizam a utilização de ações verdadeiramente interdisciplinares
que perpassem de forma longitudinal todos os anos do curso médico e integrem as
demais especialidades. A utilização de cenários de aprendizagem diversificados
como domicílio, clubes e instituições, além da preocupação para a capacitação e
qualificação docente nesta área, são capacitados como pilares indispensáveis para
o adequado atendimento desta população nas próximas décadas.
Concluindo, esperamos que este estudo possa fomentar o alinhamento dos
preceitos da atenção pública, delineada na busca da eqüidade na atenção da
população em geral sugerida pelas normatizações vinculadas ao SUS e pelas
Diretrizes Curriculares, indicando a necessidade de medidas de adequação nas
estruturas curriculares dos cursos e incorporando, de maneira mais explícita, o
preparo dos futuros médicos para a resolução da maioria dos problemas
relacionados a pessoa idosa na nossa sociedade.
In face of the gradual phenomenon of populational aging and of uncountable international and national recommendations for the inclusion of the subject Geriatrics and Gerontology in the graduation courses as a away of preparing human resources for medical practice at least minimally qualified in the attention of the elderly, we base the construction of this thesis, in which we proposed ourselves to know how Geriatrics and Gerontology is being taught at the Medical Schools in Paraná, to verify if there is an specific organization to teach the subject or if it has been taught within the context of other subjects, the contents of the subject being emphasized when being taught simultaneously with other subjects and characterize the profile of the professionals responsible for the subject. To materialize our intentions, we performed a descriptive and exploratory research in six medical schools of Paraná, developed in a combined and predominantly qualitative way, using as subjects the courses coordinators and teachers responsible for Geriatrics and Gerontology. We obtained the reply of 100% of the aimed schools, with results and systemized discussions through content analysis, which are presented in three topics that take in consideration, respectively: In the item “The insertion of Geriatrics and Gerontology as one of the curricular subjects”, all six coordinators agreed on the necessity of the insertion of this subject in the formal curricular grid, however only 50% of the schools had presented in its curricular grid a established formal structure, organized in modules/disciplines inserted predominantly in the intermediate period of the medical course and its programmed contents considerated the several perspectives relevant to the aspects of the discipline. As for the item “Professionals responsible for teaching Geriatrics and Gerontology in schools of medicine of Paraná", the academic insertion through medical clinic was predominant, verifying an average time of six years of teaching activity specifically in the area of Geriatrics and Gerontology and all of them have concluded post-graduation courses too. These professionals are all contracted teachers with partial dedication to the subject that rates, averagely, 20 hours per week, also participating as professors in other disciplines and courses of the health area. Finally, we evaluated “The future perspectives and suggestions of possible changes concerning the teaching of Geriatrics according to the professors' points of view ", highlighting that all the professionals agree on the necessity of an adaptation of the schools to the aging process and its medical and social consequences. In order to accomplish this, there is emphasis on the actions that truly commit to all medical areas and are relevant in a longitudinal way to all the years of the medical course and integrate other specialties as well. The utilization of diversified learning sceneries such as the domicile, clubs and institutions, in addition to the concern for the capacity of the professional in this area and his/her qualifications, will become one of the indispensable pillars for the adequate medical care of this population in the next decades. Concluding, we wait that this study can foment the alignment of the rules of public health, delineated in the search of fairness in the attention of the population in general, suggested by the bonded norms to the SUS and by the curricular guidelines, indicating the necessity of measures of adequacy in the curriculum structures of the courses and incorporating, in more explicit way, the preparation of the future doctors for the resolution of the majority of the elderly's problems in ours society.
In face of the gradual phenomenon of populational aging and of uncountable international and national recommendations for the inclusion of the subject Geriatrics and Gerontology in the graduation courses as a away of preparing human resources for medical practice at least minimally qualified in the attention of the elderly, we base the construction of this thesis, in which we proposed ourselves to know how Geriatrics and Gerontology is being taught at the Medical Schools in Paraná, to verify if there is an specific organization to teach the subject or if it has been taught within the context of other subjects, the contents of the subject being emphasized when being taught simultaneously with other subjects and characterize the profile of the professionals responsible for the subject. To materialize our intentions, we performed a descriptive and exploratory research in six medical schools of Paraná, developed in a combined and predominantly qualitative way, using as subjects the courses coordinators and teachers responsible for Geriatrics and Gerontology. We obtained the reply of 100% of the aimed schools, with results and systemized discussions through content analysis, which are presented in three topics that take in consideration, respectively: In the item “The insertion of Geriatrics and Gerontology as one of the curricular subjects”, all six coordinators agreed on the necessity of the insertion of this subject in the formal curricular grid, however only 50% of the schools had presented in its curricular grid a established formal structure, organized in modules/disciplines inserted predominantly in the intermediate period of the medical course and its programmed contents considerated the several perspectives relevant to the aspects of the discipline. As for the item “Professionals responsible for teaching Geriatrics and Gerontology in schools of medicine of Paraná", the academic insertion through medical clinic was predominant, verifying an average time of six years of teaching activity specifically in the area of Geriatrics and Gerontology and all of them have concluded post-graduation courses too. These professionals are all contracted teachers with partial dedication to the subject that rates, averagely, 20 hours per week, also participating as professors in other disciplines and courses of the health area. Finally, we evaluated “The future perspectives and suggestions of possible changes concerning the teaching of Geriatrics according to the professors' points of view ", highlighting that all the professionals agree on the necessity of an adaptation of the schools to the aging process and its medical and social consequences. In order to accomplish this, there is emphasis on the actions that truly commit to all medical areas and are relevant in a longitudinal way to all the years of the medical course and integrate other specialties as well. The utilization of diversified learning sceneries such as the domicile, clubs and institutions, in addition to the concern for the capacity of the professional in this area and his/her qualifications, will become one of the indispensable pillars for the adequate medical care of this population in the next decades. Concluding, we wait that this study can foment the alignment of the rules of public health, delineated in the search of fairness in the attention of the population in general, suggested by the bonded norms to the SUS and by the curricular guidelines, indicating the necessity of measures of adequacy in the curriculum structures of the courses and incorporating, in more explicit way, the preparation of the future doctors for the resolution of the majority of the elderly's problems in ours society.
Description
Citation
BRASIL, Vitor Jorge Woytuski. A geriatria e gerontologia nos currículos formais das escolas médicas do Paraná. 2007. 120 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2007.